A comprehensive study of common and rare genetic variants in spermatogenesis-related loci identifies new risk factors for idiopathic severe spermatogenic failure

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Guzmán-Jiménez, Andrea
Publication Date: 2024
Other Authors: González-Muñoz, Sara, Cerván-Martín, Miriam, Garrido, Nicolás, Castilla, José A., Gonzalvo, M. Carmen, Clavero, Ana, Molina, Marta, Luján, Saturnino, Santos-Ribeiro, Samuel, Vilches, Miguel Ángel, Espuch, Andrea, Maldonado, Vicente, Galiano-Gutiérrez, Noelia, Santamaría-López, Esther, González-Ravina, Cristina, Quintana-Ferraz, Fernando, Gómez, Susana, Amorós, David, Martínez-Granados, Luis, Ortega-González, Yanira, Burgos, Miguel, Pereira-Caetano, Iris, Bulbul, Ozgur, Castellano, Stefano, Romano, Massimo, Albani, Elena, Bassas, Lluís, Seixas, Susana, Gonçalves, João, Lopes, Alexandra M., Larriba, Sara, Palomino-Morales, Rogelio J., Carmona, F. David, Bossini-Castillo, Lara
Format: Article
Language: eng
Source: Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP)
Download full: http://hdl.handle.net/10362/176792
Summary: Funding Information: This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (PID2020-120157RB-I00) and the Andalusian Government through the research projects of 'Plan Andaluz de Investigaci\u00F3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00F3n (PAIDI 2020)' (ref. PY20_00212) and 'Proyectos de Investigaci\u00F3n aplicada FEDER-UGR 2023' (ref. C-CTS-273-UGR23). S.G.-M. was funded by the previously mentioned projects (ref. PY20_00212 and PID2020-120157RB-I00). A.G.-J. was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE 'El FSE invierte en tu futuro' (grant ref. FPU20/02926). IPATIMUP integrates the i3S Research Unit, which is partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), financed by the European Social Funds (COMPETE-FEDER) and National Funds (projects PEstC/SAU/LA0003/2013 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274). S.S. is supported by FCT funds (10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1363/CT0019), ToxOmics-Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, and is also partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UIDP/00009/2020 and UIDB/00009/2020). S. Larriba received support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant: DTS18/00101), co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) - a way to build Europe) and from 'Generalitat de Catalunya' (grant 2021SGR052). S. Larriba is also sponsored by the 'Researchers Consolidation Program' from the SNS-Dpt. Salut Generalitat de Catalunya (Exp. CES09/020). All authors declare no conflict of interest related to this study. We thank the National DNA Bank Carlos III (University of Salamanca, Spain) for supplying the control DNA samples of the Iberian replication cohort and all the participants for their essential collaboration. Also, we thank to Servier Medical Art (licensed by Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License: https://creative commons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and BioRender (through individual license at https://app.biorender.com) for providing some elements used in Figs 1, 2, and 3. This article is related to the PhD Doctoral Thesis of Andrea Guzm\u00E1n-Jim\u00E9nez. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA. Funding Information: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (PID2020-120157RB-I00) and the Andalusian Government through the research projects of \u2018Plan Andaluz de Investigaci\u00F3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00F3n (PAIDI 2020)\u2019 (ref. PY20_00212) and \u2018Proyectos de Investigaci\u00F3n aplicada FEDER-UGR 2023\u2019 (ref. C-CTS-273-UGR23). S.G.-M. was funded by the previously mentioned projects (ref. PY20_00212 and PID2020-120157RB-I00). A.G.-J. was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE \u2018El FSE invierte en tu futuro\u2019 (grant ref. FPU20/02926). IPATIMUP integrates the i3S Research Unit, which is partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), financed by the European Social Funds (COMPETE-FEDER) and National Funds (projects PEstC/SAU/LA0003/2013 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274). S.S. is supported by FCT funds (10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1363/CT0019), ToxOmics-Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, and is also partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UIDP/00009/2020 and UIDB/00009/2020). S. Larriba received support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant: DTS18/00101), co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)\u2014a way to build Europe and from \u2018Generalitat de Catalunya\u2019 (grant 2021SGR052). S. Larriba is also sponsored by the \u2018Researchers Consolidation Program\u2019 from the SNS-Dpt. Salut Generalitat de Catalunya (Exp. CES09/020). Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s).
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spelling A comprehensive study of common and rare genetic variants in spermatogenesis-related loci identifies new risk factors for idiopathic severe spermatogenic failuregeneticsidiopathic spermatogenic failuremale infertilitymonogenic mutationspolygenic susceptibilityspermatogenesisObstetrics and GynaecologyReproductive MedicineEmbryologySDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingFunding Information: This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (PID2020-120157RB-I00) and the Andalusian Government through the research projects of 'Plan Andaluz de Investigaci\u00F3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00F3n (PAIDI 2020)' (ref. PY20_00212) and 'Proyectos de Investigaci\u00F3n aplicada FEDER-UGR 2023' (ref. C-CTS-273-UGR23). S.G.-M. was funded by the previously mentioned projects (ref. PY20_00212 and PID2020-120157RB-I00). A.G.-J. was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE 'El FSE invierte en tu futuro' (grant ref. FPU20/02926). IPATIMUP integrates the i3S Research Unit, which is partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), financed by the European Social Funds (COMPETE-FEDER) and National Funds (projects PEstC/SAU/LA0003/2013 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274). S.S. is supported by FCT funds (10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1363/CT0019), ToxOmics-Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, and is also partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UIDP/00009/2020 and UIDB/00009/2020). S. Larriba received support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant: DTS18/00101), co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) - a way to build Europe) and from 'Generalitat de Catalunya' (grant 2021SGR052). S. Larriba is also sponsored by the 'Researchers Consolidation Program' from the SNS-Dpt. Salut Generalitat de Catalunya (Exp. CES09/020). All authors declare no conflict of interest related to this study. We thank the National DNA Bank Carlos III (University of Salamanca, Spain) for supplying the control DNA samples of the Iberian replication cohort and all the participants for their essential collaboration. Also, we thank to Servier Medical Art (licensed by Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License: https://creative commons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and BioRender (through individual license at https://app.biorender.com) for providing some elements used in Figs 1, 2, and 3. This article is related to the PhD Doctoral Thesis of Andrea Guzm\u00E1n-Jim\u00E9nez. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA. Funding Information: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (PID2020-120157RB-I00) and the Andalusian Government through the research projects of \u2018Plan Andaluz de Investigaci\u00F3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00F3n (PAIDI 2020)\u2019 (ref. PY20_00212) and \u2018Proyectos de Investigaci\u00F3n aplicada FEDER-UGR 2023\u2019 (ref. C-CTS-273-UGR23). S.G.-M. was funded by the previously mentioned projects (ref. PY20_00212 and PID2020-120157RB-I00). A.G.-J. was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE \u2018El FSE invierte en tu futuro\u2019 (grant ref. FPU20/02926). IPATIMUP integrates the i3S Research Unit, which is partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), financed by the European Social Funds (COMPETE-FEDER) and National Funds (projects PEstC/SAU/LA0003/2013 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274). S.S. is supported by FCT funds (10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1363/CT0019), ToxOmics-Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, and is also partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UIDP/00009/2020 and UIDB/00009/2020). S. Larriba received support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant: DTS18/00101), co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)\u2014a way to build Europe and from \u2018Generalitat de Catalunya\u2019 (grant 2021SGR052). S. Larriba is also sponsored by the \u2018Researchers Consolidation Program\u2019 from the SNS-Dpt. Salut Generalitat de Catalunya (Exp. CES09/020). Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s).STUDY QUESTION: Can genome-wide genotyping data be analysed using a hypothesis-driven approach to enhance the understanding of the genetic basis of severe spermatogenic failure (SPGF) in male infertility? SUMMARY ANSWER: Our findings revealed a significant association between SPGF and the SHOC1 gene and identified three novel genes (PCSK4, AP3B1, and DLK1) along with 32 potentially pathogenic rare variants in 30 genes that contribute to this condition. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: SPGF is a major cause of male infertility, often with an unknown aetiology. SPGF can be due to either multifactorial causes, including both common genetic variants in multiple genes and environmental factors, or highly damaging rare variants. Next-generation sequencing methods are useful for identifying rare mutations that explain monogenic forms of SPGF. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have become essential approaches for deciphering the intricate genetic landscape of complex diseases, offering a cost-effective and rapid means to genotype millions of genetic variants. Novel methods have demonstrated that GWAS datasets can be used to infer rare coding variants that are causal for male infertility phenotypes. However, this approach has not been previously applied to characterize the genetic component of a whole case-control cohort. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: We employed a hypothesis-driven approach focusing on all genetic variation identified, using a GWAS platform and subsequent genotype imputation, encompassing over 20 million polymorphisms and a total of 1571 SPGF patients and 2431 controls. Both common (minor allele frequency, MAF > 0.01) and rare (MAF < 0.01) variants were investigated within a total of 1797 loci with a reported role in spermatogenesis. This gene panel was meticulously assembled through comprehensive searches in the literature and various databases focused on male infertility genetics. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: This study involved a European cohort using previously and newly generated data. Our analysis consisted of three independent methods: (i) variant-wise association analyses using logistic regression models, (ii) gene-wise association analyses using combined multivariate and collapsing burden tests, and (iii) identification and characterisation of highly damaging rare coding variants showing homozygosity only in SPGF patients. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The variant-wise analyses revealed an association between SPGF and SHOC1-rs12347237 (P = 4.15E-06, odds ratio = 2.66), which was likely explained by an altered binding affinity of key transcription factors in regulatory regions and the disruptive effect of coding variants within the gene. Three additional genes (PCSK4, AP3B1, and DLK1) were identified as novel relevant players in human male infertility using the gene-wise burden test approach (P < 5.56E-04). Furthermore, we linked a total of 32 potentially pathogenic and recessive coding variants of the selected genes to 35 different cases. LARGE SCALE DATA: Publicly available via GWAS catalog (accession number: GCST90239721). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The analysis of low-frequency variants presents challenges in achieving sufficient statistical power to detect genetic associations. Consequently, independent studies with larger sample sizes are essential to replicate our results. Additionally, the specific roles of the identified variants in the pathogenic mechanisms of SPGF should be assessed through functional experiments. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Our findings highlight the benefit of using GWAS genotyping to screen for both common and rare variants potentially implicated in idiopathic cases of SPGF, whether due to complex or monogenic causes. The discovery of novel genetic risk factors for SPGF and the elucidation of the underlying genetic causes provide new perspectives for personalized medicine and reproductive counselling.Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics)NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)RUNGuzmán-Jiménez, AndreaGonzález-Muñoz, SaraCerván-Martín, MiriamGarrido, NicolásCastilla, José A.Gonzalvo, M. CarmenClavero, AnaMolina, MartaLuján, SaturninoSantos-Ribeiro, SamuelVilches, Miguel ÁngelEspuch, AndreaMaldonado, VicenteGaliano-Gutiérrez, NoeliaSantamaría-López, EstherGonzález-Ravina, CristinaQuintana-Ferraz, FernandoGómez, SusanaAmorós, DavidMartínez-Granados, LuisOrtega-González, YaniraBurgos, MiguelPereira-Caetano, IrisBulbul, OzgurCastellano, StefanoRomano, MassimoAlbani, ElenaBassas, LluísSeixas, SusanaGonçalves, JoãoLopes, Alexandra M.Larriba, SaraPalomino-Morales, Rogelio J.Carmona, F. DavidBossini-Castillo, Lara2024-12-27T21:31:28Z2024-112024-11-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/176792eng2399-3529PURE: 105198371https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoae069info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP)instname:FCCN, serviços digitais da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiainstacron:RCAAP2025-04-14T01:38:04Zoai:run.unl.pt:10362/176792Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireinfo@rcaap.ptopendoar:https://opendoar.ac.uk/repository/71602025-05-28T19:20:35.340914Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP) - FCCN, serviços digitais da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A comprehensive study of common and rare genetic variants in spermatogenesis-related loci identifies new risk factors for idiopathic severe spermatogenic failure
title A comprehensive study of common and rare genetic variants in spermatogenesis-related loci identifies new risk factors for idiopathic severe spermatogenic failure
spellingShingle A comprehensive study of common and rare genetic variants in spermatogenesis-related loci identifies new risk factors for idiopathic severe spermatogenic failure
Guzmán-Jiménez, Andrea
genetics
idiopathic spermatogenic failure
male infertility
monogenic mutations
polygenic susceptibility
spermatogenesis
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Reproductive Medicine
Embryology
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
title_short A comprehensive study of common and rare genetic variants in spermatogenesis-related loci identifies new risk factors for idiopathic severe spermatogenic failure
title_full A comprehensive study of common and rare genetic variants in spermatogenesis-related loci identifies new risk factors for idiopathic severe spermatogenic failure
title_fullStr A comprehensive study of common and rare genetic variants in spermatogenesis-related loci identifies new risk factors for idiopathic severe spermatogenic failure
title_full_unstemmed A comprehensive study of common and rare genetic variants in spermatogenesis-related loci identifies new risk factors for idiopathic severe spermatogenic failure
title_sort A comprehensive study of common and rare genetic variants in spermatogenesis-related loci identifies new risk factors for idiopathic severe spermatogenic failure
author Guzmán-Jiménez, Andrea
author_facet Guzmán-Jiménez, Andrea
González-Muñoz, Sara
Cerván-Martín, Miriam
Garrido, Nicolás
Castilla, José A.
Gonzalvo, M. Carmen
Clavero, Ana
Molina, Marta
Luján, Saturnino
Santos-Ribeiro, Samuel
Vilches, Miguel Ángel
Espuch, Andrea
Maldonado, Vicente
Galiano-Gutiérrez, Noelia
Santamaría-López, Esther
González-Ravina, Cristina
Quintana-Ferraz, Fernando
Gómez, Susana
Amorós, David
Martínez-Granados, Luis
Ortega-González, Yanira
Burgos, Miguel
Pereira-Caetano, Iris
Bulbul, Ozgur
Castellano, Stefano
Romano, Massimo
Albani, Elena
Bassas, Lluís
Seixas, Susana
Gonçalves, João
Lopes, Alexandra M.
Larriba, Sara
Palomino-Morales, Rogelio J.
Carmona, F. David
Bossini-Castillo, Lara
author_role author
author2 González-Muñoz, Sara
Cerván-Martín, Miriam
Garrido, Nicolás
Castilla, José A.
Gonzalvo, M. Carmen
Clavero, Ana
Molina, Marta
Luján, Saturnino
Santos-Ribeiro, Samuel
Vilches, Miguel Ángel
Espuch, Andrea
Maldonado, Vicente
Galiano-Gutiérrez, Noelia
Santamaría-López, Esther
González-Ravina, Cristina
Quintana-Ferraz, Fernando
Gómez, Susana
Amorós, David
Martínez-Granados, Luis
Ortega-González, Yanira
Burgos, Miguel
Pereira-Caetano, Iris
Bulbul, Ozgur
Castellano, Stefano
Romano, Massimo
Albani, Elena
Bassas, Lluís
Seixas, Susana
Gonçalves, João
Lopes, Alexandra M.
Larriba, Sara
Palomino-Morales, Rogelio J.
Carmona, F. David
Bossini-Castillo, Lara
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics)
NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)
RUN
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Guzmán-Jiménez, Andrea
González-Muñoz, Sara
Cerván-Martín, Miriam
Garrido, Nicolás
Castilla, José A.
Gonzalvo, M. Carmen
Clavero, Ana
Molina, Marta
Luján, Saturnino
Santos-Ribeiro, Samuel
Vilches, Miguel Ángel
Espuch, Andrea
Maldonado, Vicente
Galiano-Gutiérrez, Noelia
Santamaría-López, Esther
González-Ravina, Cristina
Quintana-Ferraz, Fernando
Gómez, Susana
Amorós, David
Martínez-Granados, Luis
Ortega-González, Yanira
Burgos, Miguel
Pereira-Caetano, Iris
Bulbul, Ozgur
Castellano, Stefano
Romano, Massimo
Albani, Elena
Bassas, Lluís
Seixas, Susana
Gonçalves, João
Lopes, Alexandra M.
Larriba, Sara
Palomino-Morales, Rogelio J.
Carmona, F. David
Bossini-Castillo, Lara
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv genetics
idiopathic spermatogenic failure
male infertility
monogenic mutations
polygenic susceptibility
spermatogenesis
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Reproductive Medicine
Embryology
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
topic genetics
idiopathic spermatogenic failure
male infertility
monogenic mutations
polygenic susceptibility
spermatogenesis
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Reproductive Medicine
Embryology
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
description Funding Information: This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (PID2020-120157RB-I00) and the Andalusian Government through the research projects of 'Plan Andaluz de Investigaci\u00F3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00F3n (PAIDI 2020)' (ref. PY20_00212) and 'Proyectos de Investigaci\u00F3n aplicada FEDER-UGR 2023' (ref. C-CTS-273-UGR23). S.G.-M. was funded by the previously mentioned projects (ref. PY20_00212 and PID2020-120157RB-I00). A.G.-J. was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE 'El FSE invierte en tu futuro' (grant ref. FPU20/02926). IPATIMUP integrates the i3S Research Unit, which is partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), financed by the European Social Funds (COMPETE-FEDER) and National Funds (projects PEstC/SAU/LA0003/2013 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274). S.S. is supported by FCT funds (10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1363/CT0019), ToxOmics-Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, and is also partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UIDP/00009/2020 and UIDB/00009/2020). S. Larriba received support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant: DTS18/00101), co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) - a way to build Europe) and from 'Generalitat de Catalunya' (grant 2021SGR052). S. Larriba is also sponsored by the 'Researchers Consolidation Program' from the SNS-Dpt. Salut Generalitat de Catalunya (Exp. CES09/020). All authors declare no conflict of interest related to this study. We thank the National DNA Bank Carlos III (University of Salamanca, Spain) for supplying the control DNA samples of the Iberian replication cohort and all the participants for their essential collaboration. Also, we thank to Servier Medical Art (licensed by Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License: https://creative commons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and BioRender (through individual license at https://app.biorender.com) for providing some elements used in Figs 1, 2, and 3. This article is related to the PhD Doctoral Thesis of Andrea Guzm\u00E1n-Jim\u00E9nez. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA. Funding Information: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (PID2020-120157RB-I00) and the Andalusian Government through the research projects of \u2018Plan Andaluz de Investigaci\u00F3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00F3n (PAIDI 2020)\u2019 (ref. PY20_00212) and \u2018Proyectos de Investigaci\u00F3n aplicada FEDER-UGR 2023\u2019 (ref. C-CTS-273-UGR23). S.G.-M. was funded by the previously mentioned projects (ref. PY20_00212 and PID2020-120157RB-I00). A.G.-J. was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE \u2018El FSE invierte en tu futuro\u2019 (grant ref. FPU20/02926). IPATIMUP integrates the i3S Research Unit, which is partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), financed by the European Social Funds (COMPETE-FEDER) and National Funds (projects PEstC/SAU/LA0003/2013 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274). S.S. is supported by FCT funds (10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1363/CT0019), ToxOmics-Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, and is also partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UIDP/00009/2020 and UIDB/00009/2020). S. Larriba received support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant: DTS18/00101), co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)\u2014a way to build Europe and from \u2018Generalitat de Catalunya\u2019 (grant 2021SGR052). S. Larriba is also sponsored by the \u2018Researchers Consolidation Program\u2019 from the SNS-Dpt. Salut Generalitat de Catalunya (Exp. CES09/020). Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s).
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024-12-27T21:31:28Z
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