Protein dysregulation associated with Alzheimer's disease and its clinical diagnosis

• Main Author: Oliveira Guimarães, Larissa
• Publication Date: 2024
• Other Authors: de Fatima da Conceição Veríssimo Lopes, Juliana, Nascimento da Silveira Gomes, Rebecca, dos Santos Machado, Mariana, de Souza Borges, Alex, Coutinho Alcazar, Marcia, de Andrade Lopes, Yoná Christina, Vinagre Gruppi, Giovanna, Lima da Silva, Gabriela
• Format: Article
• Language: por
• Source: Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences
• Download full: https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/3783
• topic: Peptídeos beta-amiloides; Proteínas tau; Doença de Alzheimer; Amyloid beta-peptides; Tau proteins; Alzheimer disease; Péptidos beta-Amiloides; Proteínas tau; Enfermedad de Alzheimer

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid and tau proteins, leading to cognitive decline and dementia. Lysosomal system dysfunction is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of the disease, contributing to the buildup of misfolded proteins. Early detection of AD is crucial, and biomarkers such as tau protein and Aβ have shown promise for diagnosis in the early stages. Thus, the objective of this work is to explore the pathophysiology of AD, with an emphasis on beta-amyloid and tau proteins, and to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic implications associated with these biomolecules. The study methodology consisted of an integrative literature review, focusing on AD and its pathological mechanisms. Initially, searches were conducted in the PubMed and BVS databases, resulting in the identification of 16 articles on PubMed and 173 on BVS. After applying filters related to language (English and Portuguese), full-text availability, and publication period (last 10 years), 14 articles were selected for inclusion in the review. The results indicate that the deposition of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are hallmark pathological features of AD. γ-secretase, a crucial enzyme in the processing of amyloid precursor protein, plays a central role in the formation of β-amyloid peptides, which are associated with neurodegeneration. The discussion emphasizes the importance of therapeutic interventions targeting these proteins to slow the progression of the disease. Therefore, the need for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on a deeper understanding of AD’s cellular and molecular mechanisms is highlighted, aiming to improve the quality of life for patients and provide more effective management of the condition.