Impact of Immunosuppression on the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Sandes Freitas, Tainá Veras de
Data de Publicação: 2022
Outros Autores: Requião-Moura, Lúcio, Tedesco-Silva, Hélio
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: por
eng
spa
Título da fonte: Brazilian Journal of Transplantation
Texto Completo: https://bjt.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/474
Resumo: Kidney transplant patients have a high case fatality rate following severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In addition, the vaccine immune response is lower and less durable, whichmakes them more susceptible to severe forms, even when vaccinated. Evidence suggests that in addition to advanced age and the high prevalence of comorbidities often associated with worse prognosis, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, prolonged immunosuppression exerts an independent effect on outcomes. In fact, the cellular and humoral adaptive immune response, which is inhibited by immunosuppression, is a key step in resolving SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the other hand, lymphocyte inhibition could modulate the aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines that result in severe lung impairment, mitigating the severity of the condition. In addition, some immunosuppressive drugs have antiviralproperties, potentially applicable to coronavirus. This narrative review aimedto discuss the available evidence on the impact of immunosuppressive drugs on COVID-19 outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.
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spelling Impact of Immunosuppression on the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Renal Transplant RecipientsImpacto de la Inmunosupresión en la Gravedad de la Infección por Sars-CoV-2 en Transplantados RenalesImpacto da Imunossupressão na Gravidade da Infecção por Sars-CoV-2 em Transplantados RenaisCOVID-19Transplante de RimImunosupressãoCOVID-19Kidney TransplantationImmunosuppressionCOVID-19Transplante de RiñónInmunosupresiónKidney transplant patients have a high case fatality rate following severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In addition, the vaccine immune response is lower and less durable, whichmakes them more susceptible to severe forms, even when vaccinated. Evidence suggests that in addition to advanced age and the high prevalence of comorbidities often associated with worse prognosis, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, prolonged immunosuppression exerts an independent effect on outcomes. In fact, the cellular and humoral adaptive immune response, which is inhibited by immunosuppression, is a key step in resolving SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the other hand, lymphocyte inhibition could modulate the aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines that result in severe lung impairment, mitigating the severity of the condition. In addition, some immunosuppressive drugs have antiviralproperties, potentially applicable to coronavirus. This narrative review aimedto discuss the available evidence on the impact of immunosuppressive drugs on COVID-19 outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.Los pacientes transplantados renales presentan una elevada tasa de letalidad después de la infección por síndrome respiratorio agudo grave 2 (Sars-CoV-2). Además de esto, la respuesta inmune de vacuna es menor y menos duradera, lo que los torna más susceptibles a formas graves, incluso cuando están vacunados. Las evidencias sugieren que, además de la edad avanzada y de la elevada prevalencia de comorbilidades frecuentemente asociadas a un peor pronóstico, como diabetes, obesidad y enfermedades cardiovasculares,la inmunosupresión prolongada ejerce un efecto independiente sobre los resultados. De hecho, la respuesta inmune adaptativa celular y humoral, la cual está inhibida por la inmunosupresión, es unpasofundamental para la resolución de la infección por Sars-CoV-2. Por otro lado, la inhibición linfocitaria podría modular la producción aberrante de citoquinas proinflamatorias que resultan en el grave comprometimiento pulmonar, amenizando la gravedad del cuadro. Además de esto, algunos fármacos inmunosupresores poseen propiedades antivirales, potencialmente aplicables al coronavirus. Esta revisión narrativa tuvo como objetivo discutir las evidencias disponibles sobre el impacto de losfármacos inmunosupresores sobre los resultados del Covid-19 en transplantados renales. Os pacientes transplantados renais apresentam elevada taxa de letalidade após a infecção por síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (Sars-CoV-2). Além disso, a resposta imune vacinal é menor e menos duradoura, o que os torna mais susceptíveis a formas graves, mesmo quando vacinados. As evidências sugerem que, além da idade avançada e da elevada prevalência de comorbidades frequentemente associadas a pior prognóstico, como diabetes, obesidade e doenças cardiovasculares, a imunossupressão prolongada exerce um efeito independente sobre os desfechos. De fato, a resposta imune adaptativa celular e humoral, a qual está inibida pela imunossupressão, é passo fundamental para a resolução da infecção por Sars-CoV-2. Por outro lado, a inibição linfocitária poderia modular a produção aberrante de citocinas pró-inflamatórias que resultam no grave comprometimento pulmonar, amenizando a gravidade do quadro. Além disso, alguns fármacos imunossupressores possuem propriedades antivirais, potencialmente aplicáveis ao coronavírus. Essa revisão narrativa teve como objetivo discutir as evidências disponíveis sobre o impacto dos fármacos imunossupressores sobre os desfechos da Covid-19 em transplantados renais.Associação Brasileira de Transplante de Órgãos (ABTO)2022-12-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://bjt.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/474Brazilian Journal of Transplantation; Vol. 25 No. 4 (2022)Brazilian Journal of Transplantation; v. 25 n. 4 (2022)2764-1589reponame:Brazilian Journal of Transplantationinstname:Associação Brasileira de Transplante de Órgãos (ABTO)instacron:ABTOporengspahttps://bjt.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/474/502https://bjt.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/474/501https://bjt.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/474/503Copyright (c) 2022 Tainá Veras de Sandes Freitas, Lúcio Requião-Moura, Hélio Tedesco-Silvainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSandes Freitas, Tainá Veras de Requião-Moura, Lúcio Tedesco-Silva, Hélio2023-01-14T14:40:12Zoai:ojs3.emnuvens.com.br:article/474Revistahttps://bjt.emnuvens.com.br/revistaONGhttps://bjt.emnuvens.com.br/revista/oaibjt@abto.org.brhttps://doi.org/10.53855/2764-15892764-1589opendoar:2023-01-14T14:40:12Brazilian Journal of Transplantation - Associação Brasileira de Transplante de Órgãos (ABTO)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Impact of Immunosuppression on the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients
Impacto de la Inmunosupresión en la Gravedad de la Infección por Sars-CoV-2 en Transplantados Renales
Impacto da Imunossupressão na Gravidade da Infecção por Sars-CoV-2 em Transplantados Renais
title Impact of Immunosuppression on the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients
spellingShingle Impact of Immunosuppression on the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients
Sandes Freitas, Tainá Veras de
COVID-19
Transplante de Rim
Imunosupressão
COVID-19
Kidney Transplantation
Immunosuppression
COVID-19
Transplante de Riñón
Inmunosupresión
title_short Impact of Immunosuppression on the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients
title_full Impact of Immunosuppression on the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients
title_fullStr Impact of Immunosuppression on the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Immunosuppression on the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients
title_sort Impact of Immunosuppression on the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients
author Sandes Freitas, Tainá Veras de
author_facet Sandes Freitas, Tainá Veras de
Requião-Moura, Lúcio
Tedesco-Silva, Hélio
author_role author
author2 Requião-Moura, Lúcio
Tedesco-Silva, Hélio
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Sandes Freitas, Tainá Veras de
Requião-Moura, Lúcio
Tedesco-Silva, Hélio
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv COVID-19
Transplante de Rim
Imunosupressão
COVID-19
Kidney Transplantation
Immunosuppression
COVID-19
Transplante de Riñón
Inmunosupresión
topic COVID-19
Transplante de Rim
Imunosupressão
COVID-19
Kidney Transplantation
Immunosuppression
COVID-19
Transplante de Riñón
Inmunosupresión
description Kidney transplant patients have a high case fatality rate following severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In addition, the vaccine immune response is lower and less durable, whichmakes them more susceptible to severe forms, even when vaccinated. Evidence suggests that in addition to advanced age and the high prevalence of comorbidities often associated with worse prognosis, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, prolonged immunosuppression exerts an independent effect on outcomes. In fact, the cellular and humoral adaptive immune response, which is inhibited by immunosuppression, is a key step in resolving SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the other hand, lymphocyte inhibition could modulate the aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines that result in severe lung impairment, mitigating the severity of the condition. In addition, some immunosuppressive drugs have antiviralproperties, potentially applicable to coronavirus. This narrative review aimedto discuss the available evidence on the impact of immunosuppressive drugs on COVID-19 outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-12-01
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://bjt.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/474
url https://bjt.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/474
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
eng
spa
language por
eng
spa
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://bjt.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/474/502
https://bjt.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/474/501
https://bjt.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/474/503
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2022 Tainá Veras de Sandes Freitas, Lúcio Requião-Moura, Hélio Tedesco-Silva
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2022 Tainá Veras de Sandes Freitas, Lúcio Requião-Moura, Hélio Tedesco-Silva
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Associação Brasileira de Transplante de Órgãos (ABTO)
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Associação Brasileira de Transplante de Órgãos (ABTO)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Brazilian Journal of Transplantation; Vol. 25 No. 4 (2022)
Brazilian Journal of Transplantation; v. 25 n. 4 (2022)
2764-1589
reponame:Brazilian Journal of Transplantation
instname:Associação Brasileira de Transplante de Órgãos (ABTO)
instacron:ABTO
instname_str Associação Brasileira de Transplante de Órgãos (ABTO)
instacron_str ABTO
institution ABTO
reponame_str Brazilian Journal of Transplantation
collection Brazilian Journal of Transplantation
repository.name.fl_str_mv Brazilian Journal of Transplantation - Associação Brasileira de Transplante de Órgãos (ABTO)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bjt@abto.org.br
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