Contaminantes emergentes em um país emergente: estudo de caso no Rio Barigui

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Goulart, Franciane de Almeida Brehm
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná; Curitiba; Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental; UTFPR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Tecnologia ambiental; Bacias hidrográficas - Brasil; Hormônios; Higiene; Água - Contaminação; Cromatografia a líquido; Química ambiental; Green technology; Watersheds - Brazil; Hormones; Hygiene; Water - Contamination; Liquid chromatography; Environmental chemistry; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA::QUIMICA ANALITICA::ANALISE DE TRACOS E QUIMICA AMBIENTAL; Ciências Ambientais
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2862

Many studies have demonstrated that irregular occupations, inadequate waste disposal, inefficiency in the treatment of effluents, have reduced the quality of water bodies. In addition to the high concentrations of nutrients, low concentration of oxygen and high organic matter loads, the rivers in the Curitiba region are also contaminated with several organic micro pollutants. The emerging contaminants (EC) recently began to be detected in low concentrations, but they are proven toxic to living beings due to constant exposure. In order to know the current situation of the Barigui River, two samplings were made, a seasonal and another of 24 hours. In the seasonal sampling, water samples were collected at 3 points in the river, in the months of March, July and November of 2015. In addition, were analyzed caffeine, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, ketoprofen, acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, estrone, estradiol, ethinylestradiol, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben, benzyl paraben and triclosan. At the 24 h sampling, two points were monitored, one upstream and one downstream from the Santa Quitéria Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), in June 2016. In this sampling, several physical and chemical parameters, organic matter, nutrients, all substances mentioned above, progesterone, octocrylene, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and 4-methylbenzelidene camphor were studied in the water. Among the maximum concentrations of EC in the water, salicylic acid presented the highest concentration and a greater variation between the seasonal sampling (2.38 μg L-1 ) and the 24 h sampling (31.85 μg L-1 ). Caffeine presented 100% of detection, confirming its constant presence in the environment. It also presented good correlation with ammoniacal nitrogen (r = 0.87, p <0.0001, n = 24) and the other contaminants showed good correlations with each other, such as paracetamol and salicylic acid (r = 0.9434; <0.0001; n = 24). Estrogens presented low detection, and were not quantified at most points. The study of parabens and UV filters was interesting to evaluate the peaks of higher sewage production. The highest concentrations were detected downstream from WWTP at the 15 h, which is equivalent to the 7 h, considering the hydraulic holding time of the treatment plant. The correlations obtained and the highest concentration values in the BA-J point suggest that these compounds have a common source, probably been clandestine effluents and/or derived from the WWTPs. Therefore, the improvement on effluent treatment is indispensable to reduce the concentration of these substances on the environment. A prioritization study of contaminants is also important, considering the exposure concentrations and toxicity, to incorporate them into future legislation and establish release limits on aquatic bodies. In addition, it is necessary to study the behavior of these substances in the environment and improve analytical techniques. In order to be able to simultaneously monitor metabolites and substances with even lower concentrations, in a fast, automated way, with sensitivity and selectivity.