Avaliação de um conjunto proposto para microgeração de energia elétrica contendo um protótipo de motor stirling configuração tipo gamma: experimentos e modelagem termodinâmica

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Beck, Klunger Arthur Éster
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná; Pato Branco; Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica; UTFPR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Energia elétrica - Produção; Engenharia térmica; Termodinâmica; Electric power production; Heat engineering; Thermodynamics; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA ELETRICA; Engenharia/Tecnologia/Gestão
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/4932

Due to the public policies to encourage energy efficiency, changes in legislation, financing and new technologies to foster decentralized generation will have an increasing spread at global level in the coming years. However, one of the main problems that has not yet been solved is the normative compliance with collective indicators of continuity (DEC/FEC) in rural regions. These indicators measure the duration and frequency of interruptions to consumers, as defined in the Distribution Procedures (PRODIST). These rural or isolated regions are characterized by low population density, low levels of education and abundance of biomass, which could be considered regarding energy supply. Considering the calorific utilization of this biomass available to be used in the extraction of thermal energy for conversion of mechanical work and, later, in electrical work for decentralized generation, the technology using the Stirling engine seems to have great potential. Evidencing these parameters, a set was developed, which consists of an external combustion thermal machine that converts heat into work having its maximum theoretical efficiency in the ideal cycle, because this cycle is reversible, in the same way as the Carnot efficiency. This engine has a low level of pollutant emissions, low lubricant consumption, low internal abrasion, low level of noise and of mechanical vibration. In addition to these main features, it has a low failure rate, which makes this technology maintenance-free for long periods of time. In this context, a set containing a prototype of the conventional concept of the Stirling engine, a small-scale Gamma configuration, was developed, manufactured, instrumentalized and modeled. In the subsequent stage, a three-phase alternating current generator (AC) was connected to this set, a conventional boost converter and an DC/AC static converter in order to generate electrical work. The instrumentation was developed and implemented to allow the reading of the physical quantities of the system in different operating regimes. The system was modeled using the First Order and Finite Time Thermodynamics model. The highest values of electrical power were obtained through the experiment using the heat source at a temperature of 600 K, which generated an electrical power DC and AC of 3.25 W and 2.95 W, respectively. The First Order model presented the power ranging from 10.40 W to 48.50W. The power of the Finite Time Thermodynamics model, considering irreversibilities, also obtained the maximum value in the same condition as the First Order model (TH = 600 K), having a value equal to 6.43W, in the same order of magnitude as the experimental value of the electrical powers. The prototype with the instrumentation proved to be adequate and capable of supplying the data of the operational parameters, which allowed the experimental confrontation with the results of the First Order and Finite Time Thermodynamics models, making possible to detect the origin of the relevant irreversibilities occurring in the actual cycle.