Detalhes bibliográficos
| Ano de defesa: |
2018 |
| Autor(a) principal: |
DUARTE, Marcos Elias
 |
| Orientador(a): |
DUTRA JÚNIOR, Wilson Moreira |
| Banca de defesa: |
LUDKE, Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques,
LIMA, Tayara Soares de,
OLIVEIRA, Elton Roger Alves de,
MORAES, Elenice Andrade |
| Tipo de documento: |
Tese
|
| Tipo de acesso: |
Acesso aberto |
| Idioma: |
por |
| Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
|
| Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia
|
| Departamento: |
Departamento de Zootecnia
|
| País: |
Brasil
|
| Palavras-chave em Português: |
|
| Área do conhecimento CNPq: |
|
| Link de acesso: |
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8104
|
Resumo: |
Two experiments were accomplished to investigate the effect of the use of supplementation with enzymes and amino acids in the diet of pigs during lactation and nursey. The first experiment was to investigate the effect of supplemental xylanase (Xylamax, BRI, Durham, NC) and protease (Versazyme, BRI) on growth performance, digesta viscosity, apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, and gut health in nursery pigs. Forty-eight pigs (24 barrows and 24 gilts at 21 d of age with 7.2 ± 0.4 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments (2 × 2 factorial arrangement). Factors were xylanase (0 or 45,000 XU/kg) and protease (0 or 300,000 U/kg) in 2 phases (phase 1 for 10 d and phase 2 for 14 d). It was measured performance of the piglets, apparent ileal digestibility, viscosity and pH of digesta and the gut health parameters. The second experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with glutamine and glutamate during lactation and nursery on milk composition, back fat loss, and the performance of the piglet. In the lactation phase, 28 sows were randomly allotted to 2 treatments (Control or Aminogut 1%) in a block design. The farrowing rate was used as block criteria. During lactation the piglets were fed exclusively with breast milk. In the nursery phase, 12 litters from each group of previously were split in others two groups (Control or Aminogut 1%). The experimental diets were formulated to meet the nutritional requirement of lactating sows and newly weaned piglets. Back fat thickness, milk composition and the performance of piglets during lactation and nursery were measured. The use of xylanase increased ADG (0.518 to 0.560 kg/d) (P<0.05) which was further increased with protease (P<0.05). Overall, combinational use of xylanase and protease increased ADG (0.503 vs. 0.442 and 0.437 kg/d) (P<0.05) compared with the use of xylanase or protease alone, whereas protease improved (P<0.05) feed efficiency (0.765 to 0.793). In jejunum, xylanase reduced viscosity of digesta (2.69 to 2.36 mPa.s), mucosal MDA (1.14 to 0.95 μM), crypt depth (220 to 198 μm) and crypt cell proliferation (20.3 to 17.6%) (P<0.05) whereas protease increased villus height (439 to 493 μm), crypt depth (229 to 189 μm) and crypt cell proliferation (21.5 to 15.9%) (P<0.05). Combinational use of xylanase and protease increased claudin (0.047 to 0.076 band intensity) and occludin (0.126 to 0.161 band intensity) in jejunum (P<0.05). The use of glutamine and glutamate enhanced (P<0.05) the concentration of fat (6.507 to 7.855%), glutamine (0.341 to 0.578 μmol/mL), glutamate (0.361 to 0.648 μmol/mL), and glutamine+glutamate (0.709 to 1.244 μmol/mL) in the milk of sow at 21 days of lactation. Sows fed supplemented diet showed lower (P<0.05) backfat loss (3.018 to 4.560 mm). At the third weed of lactation, the piglets from sows fed supplemented diet had higher ADG (0.222 to 0.270 kg/day). In the second phase, the use of Aminogut in the nursery diet enhanced (P<0.05) the ADG (0.44 to 0.183 kg), and the ADFI (0.196 to 0.238 kg/day) of piglets. The piglets fed supplementation, in two phases had higher (P<0,05) feed efficiency compared with the other treatments (0.784 vs. 0.717, 0.750, and 0.750). However, pigs that received supplementation during lactation or nursery, had higher (P<0,05) feed efficiency compared with the control group in the two phases (0.750 and 0,750 vs. 0.717). Collectively, xylanase could improve growth, digesta viscosity, and oxidative stress, and protease could improve feed efficiency and gut integrity. Combinational use of xylanase and protease enhanced growth performance and tight junction proteins in newly weaned pigs. The supplementation with glutamine and glutamate reduced the backfat loss, enhanced the milk composition, and the ADG during lactation. The supplementation in the lactation or nursery phase can enhance the ADG in post-weaned phase. However, the supplementation with glutamine and glutamate in both phases showed higher feed efficiency. |
