Detalhes bibliográficos
| Ano de defesa: |
2016 |
| Autor(a) principal: |
SILVA, Wendson de Moraes
 |
| Orientador(a): |
LIMA, José Romualdo de Sousa |
| Banca de defesa: |
ANDRADE, Antonio Ricardo Santos de,
DUDA, Gustavo Pereira |
| Tipo de documento: |
Dissertação
|
| Tipo de acesso: |
Acesso aberto |
| Idioma: |
por |
| Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
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| Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Agrícola
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| Departamento: |
Unidade Acadêmica de Garanhuns
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| País: |
Brasil
|
| Palavras-chave em Português: |
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| Palavras-chave em Inglês: |
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| Área do conhecimento CNPq: |
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| Link de acesso: |
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6552
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Resumo: |
The use of biochar in agriculture is a practice widely used, in order to improve soil characteristics, being of great importance and contributing to soil structure, increase the carbon content in the soil, it is becoming an increasingly important tool in soil conditioning. Several studies are being conducted throughout in Brazil and in the world using the application of biochar in order to find management alternatives to increase the content of soil organic matter. Thus, this study aimed to characterize two biochars produced from two types of waste (peel and coffee grounds), and to evaluate the effect of these in the chemical and biological characteristics of an Entisol cultivated with corn and beans. The work was conducted in the experimental area of the Academic Unit of Garanhuns Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UAG/UFRPE). Initially it was conducted to produce the two biochar a coffee pods (CC) and other coffee grounds (BC), which was carried out by means of combustion heat in a small home oven. After production of these were determined specific surface area (SSA), the adsorption capacity and desorption of phosphorus by colorimetric and performed the analysis of chemical composition of each biochar. For implementation of the experiment in greenhouse was collected soil at 0-20 cm in an area from native forest, the farm Riacho kite in mesoregion South Agreste of Pernambuco, São João, which is classified as Entisol typical eutrophic. Also analyzes were performed to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the soil. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) at random. Treatments consisted of soil with mineral fertilizers (NPK) and organic fertilization with cattle manure, both according to the recommendations indicated for each crop, and two types of Biochar, with 4 repetitions. Four seeds of maize and beans were placed on vessels, five days after emergence (DAE) was carried out thinning, leaving one plant per pot. The pH and conductivity were measured (EC) soil water drainage and held measuring evapotranspiration (ET). And at the end of the experiment, 45 DAE was held to determine the production of fresh biomass (BF) and dry (BS) of the shoot. On the ground it was determined carbon analysis of soil microbial biomass (CBM), the basal respiration (RBS), total organic carbon (TOC), soil organic matter (OM), metabolic quotient (qCO2) and the quotient microbial (QMIC). Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by F test and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, and the data were subjected to multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). The biochar BC was more effective in releasing the CC P, which may be related to the lower ASE BC with respect to DC, since higher SEA can cause the P becomes adsorbed to the particles of CC. Whatever type of biochar (CC or BC), the highest dose (16 Mg ha-1) promoted changes in the microbiological properties of the soil, increasing the CBM, TOC and qMIC and decreasing qCO2. Treatment with coffee grounds of biochar (16 Mg ha-1 dose) promoted greater efficiency in water use, consuming 45.6 and 47% less water in crops of corn and beans, respectively. The use of biochar coffee waste (CC and BC) promoted changes in soil properties, increasing pH, P and K levels. |
