Efeito da neuromodulação em ritmo mu durante observação e mentalização de movimentos biológicos e não-biológicos

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Lapenta, Olivia Morgan
• Orientador(a): Boggio, Paulo Sérgio
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso embargado
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
• Palavras-chave em Português: mentalização motora; observação de ação; ritmo Mu; estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua; sistema neurônios-espelho; córtex motor primário
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: motor imagery; action observation; Mu rhythm; transcranial direct current stimulation; mirror-neuron system; primary motor cortex
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::FISIOTERAPIA E TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL
• Link de acesso: http://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/22507

The Mental Simulation theory suggests activation of the motor network during imagery and execution of movements, similarly to the activation during observation and execution of actions, which is mediated by the Mirror Neuron System. This activation can be measured using eletroencefalography register of Mu rhythm suppression. It is propose that motor network activation and therefore increase of cortical excitability at primary motor cortex and Mu dessynchronization are due to premotor Miror-Neuron System inputs. Transcranial direct current stimulation is a neuromodulation technique that induce facilitation and inhibition of neural firing leading to enhance or decrease in cortical excitability, respectively. Thus, we propose to evaluate the polarity dependent effects of this technique in the Mu rhythm during biological and non-biological movements observation and imagery tasks. Therefore we applied anodal, cathodal and sham stimulation in 21 male subjects (mean age 23.8+3,06), over left primary motor cortex (2mA for 20min) and immediately after we registered the electroencephalography considering the electrodes C3, C4 and surrounding C3 and C4 and Cz. Analyses of C3 and C4 showed significant effects according to Movement (p=0.005), and also for the interactions between type of stimulation and hemisphere (p=0.04) and type of stimulation, movement and hemisphere (p=0.02). Surrounding electrodes analyses revealed significant effect for the interaction between stimulation type, task condition and movement type (p=0.03). Thus, the main findings of this study were i. Mu suppression for biological movement (in both imagery and observation) of the hand region in the contralateral hemisphere after sham stimulation, ii. reverse effect for the surrounding electrodes during imagery condition and iii. polarity-dependent neuromodulation of the Mu rhythm. The results are discussed considering focal ERD/ surrounding ERS according to the type of task. We concluded that there are contralateral focal Mu dessynchronization during observation and imagery of biological movements together with syncronizarion of the motor areas not involved in the task only for the imagery condition and that transcranial direct current stimulation has a significant effect under the entire electrode and according to the applied polarity. The use of transcranial direct current stimulation followed by observation and imagery tasks might be an interesting intervention strategy for disturbances involving motor ability impairment as well as deficits related to imitation and comprehension of other s actions.