Uso e conservação de plantas medicinais nativas por comunidades quilombolas no município de Alcântara, Maranhão

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Linhares, Jairo Fernando Pereira [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Plantas medicinais - Brasil; Plantas medicinais - Conservação; Etnobotânica; Quilombolas; Medicinal plants
• Link de acesso: https://hdl.handle.net/11449/126618; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/10-08-2015/000844545.pdf

The municipality of Alcântara-MA was an important agricultural region in colonial times. After the decline of export agriculture, quilombos were recorded. The overall objective of the research is to rescue the knowledge of the Maroons in the municipality of Alcântara in Maranhão State, about medicinal plants, contributing to the conservation of quilombo territories, to guarantee the local knowledge and sustainable use of local biodiversity. Specifically, it seeks to: 1) Rescue and systematize knowledge of quilombo communities about medicinal plants. 2) Identify the botanically collected plants. 3) Identify past and current uses of medicinal plants. 4) Generate information to assist in the implementation of future management plans. 5) Assess the environmental, cultural and social changes. Of the 55 medicinal plants used at present, 58% are in disuse phase. The plants most commonly used today are Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel), Cecropia sp., Hymenaea L., Parahancornia sp. Croton urucurana Baill., Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão and Bauhinia glabra Jacq. The most plant parts were used: bark, 34 (27.42%) and latex, with 43 (35%), which together account for 62.42% of the plant parts used. Secondary forests are the main type of occurrence medicinal plants, with a history of agricultural use ranging from 15-30 years of fallow, medium CAP 29.27 cm, average height of 7.6 m, 69.76% of individuals is young trees and palm trees are the main growth habits with 65.41% and 26.86% each. Environmental tensioners that most compromise forest ecosystems today are the plantation system in play, lack of firebreaks in the formation of clearings, wood indiscriminate extraction, charcoal production, replacement of native pasture by cultivated in the areas of low and the consequent installment, practice of vandalism, variation in rainfall causing an increase in salinity in areas of shallow water during periods of ...