El Salvador: da guerra civil às reformas institucionais dos anos 1990

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Matijascic, Vanessa Braga [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Nações Unidas Forças de paz; Construção da paz; Guerra civil - História; Estados Unidos - Política e governo; Nicarágua - História - Revolução - 1979; América Central - Política e governo; History
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126319; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/16-07-2015/000837637.pdf

During its civil war (1980-1992), El Salvador was a top priority of the United States foreign policy towards Central America, when the Reagan administration supported that country's armed forces in the search of a military victory against the Salvadoran guerrillas, coordinated by the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). The US counterinsurgency strategy for El Salvador sought to avoid an outcome similar to the one achieved by the Sandinistas in Nicaragua, when guerrilla fighters of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) made their way to the Nicaraguan presidency more than 40 years after the Somoza family's rule. When the Salvadoran civil war reached its strategic military balance at the end of the Cold War, many countries and multilateral organizations found negotiations the only alternative to end civil war in El Salvador. It is argued in this dissertation that even in this new historical context, it was possible for the United States to achieve its interests, which was the dismantling of the Salvadoran guerrillas, symbolizing the end of left-wing groups in the country. In this new, peaceful and multilateral alternative, the path to conservative politics was preserved in the country and Central America remained as a traditional area of US influence. In addition, the United Nations negotiations in the 1990s, the drafting of peace agreements and the implementation of institutional reforms (armed forces, creation of a civilian police and modernization of the judiciary system) were aligned not only to the interests of local and multilateral actors, but above all preserved US interests. If it had not been possible to eliminate the Salvadoran guerrillas in the 1980s, this peaceful alternative would allow for the voluntary dismantling of guerrillas throughout the execution of the United Nations Peacekeeping Operation mandate in El Salvador (ONUSAL) between 1991 and 1995