Influência do uso e ocupação do solo sobre a qualidade da água: subsídio à gestão dos recursos hídricos à gestão dos recursos hídricos da Bacia Hidrográfica da Serra da Mantiqueira (UGRHI-1)

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Branco, Alessandra Malta Mattos [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Recursos hídricos - Desenvolvimento; Água - Poluição; Água - Qualidade; Fósforo; Water resources development
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124114; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/28-05-2015/000823837.pdf

The monitoring of water quality is an important management tool of hydric resources, creating strategic information to assisst in decision-making processes of public policy. This study used free software (Quantum GIS and MapWindow), Geographic Information System (GIS) for the determination and evaluation of the monitoring points for water quality in the Serra da Mantiqueira watershed (UGRHI-1) under the influence of the different land uses. To determine these points were considered the criteria established by the CETESB and access roads, and this selection of points was validated by laboratory analyzes of parameters that compose the WQL. The implementation of the GIS allowed the determination of 19 points of monitoring of the water quality, of which eight had good representation of the influence of the land use and occupation in the water quality, with potential use for monitoring by CETESB. Six points were allocated on water springs and used as a reference for the water quality as well a standards established by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005, rivers to class 2. The physical, chemical and biological parameters that compose the water quality index (WQI) were evaluated in wet and dry seasons of the 2013 year. Among the uses and land use, the urbanization and postures showed the greatest impact on the water quality at the sampling points. The parameters that most contributed to the decline of the water quality were Escheriachia coli, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and turbidity, which in many points not attended CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. The use of the WQI was not effective in assessing the actual condition of the water quality, which during the dry season showed good quality at all points, even with concentrations of E. coli in the order of 23 times the default resolution. This study also showed that the use of georeferenced worked by free softwares can subsidize public public and private agencies in managing water resources through...