Avaliação da importância de habitats secundários para a manutenção de abelhas silvestres em áreas agrícolas

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Montagnana, Paula Carolina [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Bees; Abelha; Polinização por abelhas; Habitat (Ecologia); Interação animal-planta; Guapiara (SP)
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121869

The greatest threats to bees populations is the changing in the land use, mainly the actions related to agricultural intensification. It is necessary to have whitin the farms places that provide different kinds of resources to the different bees species for their conservation in those areas. The present study featured the bee community in four farms of conventional farming and family management in Guapiara (SP) about food specialty, substrate for nesting, sociability and total body size. Through the pollen on the bees body ruderal species plants and crops visited by them were identified, and through the network ecology approach bee-plant interactions were studied. Specimens catch were made once a month by two collectors on farms, from 8 am to 1 pm, for one year, a total of 50 hours/farm. It was identified 64 bees species, where Apidae was the richest and abundant family (565 specimens and 31 species), followed by Halictidae, Andrenidae, Megachilidae and Colletidae. About 85% of the bees species had specimens with body size smaller than 11,5 mm, about 39% of the bees species were solitary. Virtually all species were poliletic and more than 76% of the bees species nested in the soil. It was found 104 pollen types, from which 38 were identified until species, genus or family and 66 morphotypes were grouped in the category “others”. The pollen types identified belonging to ruderal plants were the most frequent on the samples, both during the wet and hot season and the dry and cold one. Lycopersicon esculentum pollen type was the most frequent (127 times) on the samples, followed by Asteraceae pollen type (111 times), Leonurus sibiricus (95 times), Poaceae (71 times) and Sonchus oleraceus (70 times). Generally, we can say that the bee-plant networks are fragile and somewhat resistant to withdrawal of the most abundant plant species. Ruderal plants were very important to the bee community, especially Leonurus sibiricus, Asteraceae and...