As influências da paisagem urbana em grupos funcionais e riqueza de aves

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Aguiar, Albert Gallon de [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ecologia urbana (Biologia); Ave; Conservação biológica; Urbanização; Florestas urbanas
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127902; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/27-08-2015/000844419.pdf

Urbanized landscapes support classical macroecological patterns as specie-area relationship, abundance and biomass. Cities play an important role in the conservation of global biodiversity for those reasons. For birds, 20% of the total species occur in urban centers worldwide. Nonetheless, the growth urbanization process promotes profound effects on bird diversity, negative for non-urban species and positive for urban-tolerant. This study aimed to identify the scientific conclusions presented up to date on landscape effects on urban bird communities. We applied a systematic review, searching for scientific publications regarding bird ecology in urban environment from the landscape scale perspective. More than a thousand articles were found referring to birds in urban landscapes. However, just a tenth of them applied landscape metrics to understand the relationships between birds and urban landscapes. The single-scale approach was the option adopted by 65% of all publications. Most of the studies aimed a biodiversity conservation view of the urbanization process using bird communities in high-incoming areas. Developing countries are usually neglected by those studies, though currently they promote higher urban landscape transformation. Bird richness was the most common response variable, whereas just 20% of the studies considered functional data for species. Our conclusions in this work suggest that research efforts to understand urbanization effects on biodiversity have focused mostly at the patch scale only. Following the systematic review conclusions, we produced a second study to test the habitat amount hypothesis, verifying the relationship between avian community and urban areas, and to test whether patch or landscape scale would better explain the biodiversity. The results disagree with the habitat amount hypothesis and suggest that in urban landscapes the size of the native vegetation patches are more important than forest areas...