Uniformidade da irrigação por microaspersão em jardim residencial e por aspersão em campos de golfe e futebol
| Ano de defesa: | 2017 |
|---|---|
| Autor(a) principal: |
Siqueira, Marta Mitiko Kubota de
 |
| Orientador(a): |
Vilas Boas, Márcio Antonio
|
| Banca de defesa: |
Frigo, Jiam Pires
,
Andrade, Maurício Guy de
,
Maggi, Marcio Furlan
,
Siqueira, Jair Antonio Cruz
|
| Tipo de documento: | Tese |
| Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
| Idioma: | por |
| Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Cascavel |
| Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola
|
| Departamento: |
Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas
|
| País: |
Brasil
|
| Palavras-chave em Português: | |
| Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
| Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
| Link de acesso: | http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3004 |
Resumo: | With the cities expansion, investments in recreation areas, development’s facades, parks and sports areas have been significant in urban areas. It can be noticed that the landscaping of these areas usually consists of extensive grassy areas, protecting the soil against erosions, allowing rainwater drainage and avoiding flooding. However, to maintain this landscaping, the manpower for irrigation or the use of some irrigation system is necessary. Thus, considering the water scarcity that affects several regions of the planet, the present study aimed to evaluate irrigation systems by micro sprinklers in a residencial garden and by sprinklers on a golf and a football fields. The assays were performed according to ABNT standards, calculating the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU) and distribution uniformity coefficient (DU), with collectors positioned with their base on the lawn. In addition to the irrigation depth data, climate data such as temperature, air humidity, wind speed, and direction were also collected through a mini meteorological station installed near the trials. At the residence garden, the main objective was to evaluate four microsprinklers under five different operating pressures, which varied from 80 to 180 kPa. The microsprinklers were arranged in a grid of 2.50 x 2.50 meter with area of 6.25 m2, among which 25 collectors were placed, spaced 0.50 meters apart. Twenty-five replications were performed with 1 hour of irrigation and the climatic data were obtained every 10 minutes, with the mini meteorological station at 1 meter high. The best results for CUC, CUD and efficiency were obtained in treatment 4 (150 kPa pressure), with values of 81.38, 72.19 and 53.15%, respectively. In all treatments, the climatic factors with the highest level of similarity were between temperature and wind speed. It was identified by the control chart that only treatment 4 was under statistical control. Therefore, it has been found that it is possible to use a service pressure of 150 kPa, lower than the one specified by the catalog (180 kPa) without significant losses of uniformity of water distribution and efficiency of application. In the football field, two parallel lateral lines, 18 meters apart, were installed with five mini cannon type sprinklers on each line with spacing of 18 meters. The tests were performed in two areas, area A being between the first four sprinklers, and area B between the last four sprinklers. The collectors were spaced 2 meters apart, totalizing 81 collectors between the sprinklers in each area. Twenty-five replications were performed with 10 minutes of irrigation, obtaining the climatic data every 5 minutes, with the mini meteorological station at 2 meters high. In both areas, the results for CUC, CUD and efficiency were not significant at the 5% level. Among the climatic factors, relative air humidity and wind speed had the highest level of similarity, with 67.90%. The control graphs of both areas showed that irrigation was under statistical control. These results indicated that uniformity of water distribution and efficiency was maintained along the lateral line. At the golf course, the tests were performed in three different areas called Tee, Fairway, and Green, in which the collectors were distributed among spacers spaced 2 meters apart. At these sites, 25 trials of 12 minutes of irrigation were performed, with the mini meteorological station positioned at 2 meters high and collecting the climatic data every 5 minutes. In the areas of Tee and Fairway, 27 and 84 collectors were placed, respectively, between four sprinklers, and in the area of Green, 138 collectors between five sprinklers. Soil density and gravimetric moisture in the field capacity and permanent wilting point were obtained in the laboratory to calculate the application efficiency. The best results for CUC, CUD and efficiency were obtained in Tee. On the other hand, from the relative depht, it was verified that irrigation in the Fairway was the closest to the required real irrigation, with lower excess water applied. It was detected from the control chart that the irrigation in the Tee was not under control, unlike the other areas. It was identified that the climatic factors of greater similarity were between wind speed and relative air humidity, with 83.79%, obtained in the Fairway. Overall, due to the low value of the process capability index, both in the residential garden, golf course and football field, the irrigations were not able to remain under control over time. However, the application of the techniques used in the present research was important to detect possible irrigation faults, which can be corrected during the process. |