Tecnologia alternativa para tratamento seletivo dos resíduos provenientes da bacia sanitária em comunidades rurais

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Santos Junior, Elias Lira dos
• Orientador(a): Morejon, Camilo Freddy Mendoza
• Banca de defesa: Morejon, Camilo Freddy Mendoza , Hasan, Salah Din Mahmud , Sebastien, Nyamien Yahaut , Schutz, Fabiana Costa de Araújo , Zanatta, Elciane Regina
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná; Toledo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química
• Departamento: Centro de Engenharias e Ciências Exatas
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Inovação; Tratamento segregado; Bacia sanitária; Saneamento ecológico.
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Innovation; Segregated treatment; Basin sanitary; Ecological sanitation.
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA
• Link de acesso: http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/4203

The main objective of the work was the development of a technology for the selective treatment of effluent generated in the sanitary basin in rural communities. This treatment is justified as the potential for the use of human waste - urine and faeces - is wasted and, furthermore, become an element of environmental degradation when released into the environment without any kind of criteria, treatment or even under the form of domestic sewage. In this way, the methodological steps of the characterization of the source of domestic effluents and effluents from the sanitary basin in the Brazilian and Paranaan rural areas were followed; Identification of the use profile of sanitary basins; Characterization of human faeces; Characterization of human urine; Characterization of the combined residues (urine and faeces); Characterization of the effluent generated in the sanitary basin - Águas Negras, in this sense an evaluation of the process of natural digestion of black waters was carried out; Execution of technological prospection of methods, processes and technologies and the systematization of advantages and disadvantages with specification of the state of the art; Development of alternative technology for the treatment of effluents generated in the sanitary basin through the planning, design and construction of a prototype; Evaluation and testing of alternative technology behavior under different operating conditions; Identification of the elements of improvement and, subsequently, incorporation of the incremental innovations in the alternative technology; Evaluation of the intellectual protection requirements of the developed technology; Systematization of results and their consolidation through intellectual protection, with the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). From the laboratory tests it was possible to identify that the degradation of human faeces occurs slowly (> 70 days) pointing to the need for a solid-liquid separation step that has an efficiency between 70 to 80%, reducing the holding time of the bioreactor and, therefore, its useful volume. Still in the natural digestion of human faeces an important parameter considered in the technological development was the temperature. Urine storage presents a viable alternative to its agronomic use, however, some specific criteria must be taken into account, especially, the storage in opaque containers since it is photosensitive. In this way the results converged to the development of a technology consisting of a water, urine and faecal separator (SAUF) installed immediately after the sanitary basin followed by an anaerobic flow pump of the helicoidal type. The alternative technology developed in this way presents itself effectively for the management of human waste on rural properties with promising possibilities of applications in horizontal and / or vertical residential condominiums, in remote or peri-urban locations and in small population densities.