Anthropic actions and the degradation of the Amazon biome: studies of impacts and soil recovery

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Arthur Amaral e
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: eng
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Palavras-chave em Português: Desmatamento - Amazônia; Solo - Uso - Amazônia; Áreas degradadas - Recuperação - Amazônia; Mudanças climáticas; Análise de séries temporais; Ciências Exatas e da Terra
• Link de acesso: https://locus.ufv.br//handle/123456789/28169

This study aimed to evaluate the impacts caused by the forms land use and occupation of the Amazon biome and the reflexes of these impacts in the regional, national and global climatic scenario. As well as, studying ways to recover these degraded areas aiming at the return of these environments to their natural state and, with that, the generation of income for the local population, which are the main ones affected by the effects of deforestation in the region. To achieve the objectives of this study, it was divided into three chapters: (i) Human activities and the Legal Amazon: estimation of impacts on the forest and the regional climate; (ii) The vulnerability of the Amazon biome: how anthropic actions contribute to climate change over time based on PCA and STA analyzes; (iii) Oilseed cultivation in degraded areas in the Legal Amazon for soil recovery and biodiesel production. Data processing took place entirely in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, in which the databases obtained were standardized and analyzed according to the need for each chapter of this study. The first two chapters aimed to analyze the impacts that human activities cause on climatic conditions in the Amazon biome. In this context, the interfaces Land Change Modeler (LCM) and Earth Trends Modeler (ETM), from the Idrisi Selva software, were used. It was possible to conclude that activities such as pasture, agriculture and livestock, are the ones that most cause deforestation in the Amazon biome and within the limits of the Legal Amazon, a region that also covers part of the Pantanal and Cerrado biomes. This deforestation, caused by anthropic actions, directly impacts on local climatic conditions, changing patterns of rainfall and temperature, which in turn, cause climatic disturbances at national and global level since the Amazon is the largest and most important tropical forest in the world and has important functions within the earth's hydrological cycle. Chapter three aimed to identify areas suitable for the cultivation of oilseeds aiming at the recovery of degraded areas and the production of biodiesel. In this, two species were compared, Elaeis guineenses, popularly known as Dendê, and Jatropha curcas also known as Pinhão Manso. Both crops are suitable for the recovery of degraded areas and have a high capacity for biodiesel production, in addition to being endemic species in the region. After producing the study, it was possible to conclude that the Amazon biome constantly suffers from external pressures, which vary from the urbanization process to the insertion of agriculture and livestock. These pressures have the main consequence of increasing deforestation rates, generating changes in the natural landscape and changes in climatic conditions. Due to the gravity of the current scenario of the Amazon biome and its importance on the world stage, the preservation and recovery of this area becomes a necessity. Public policies aimed at protecting the Amazon must be created, and the existing ones, intensified, seeking to delay the impacts of man in this region and providing the return of the forest to its natural state. Keywords: Legal Amazon. Anthropic activity. Deforestation. Time series analysis. Climate change. Soil Recovery.