Productivity, monetary and fiscal shocks: a real business cycle aproach to the brazilian case

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Emerson Costa dos
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: eng
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Palavras-chave em Português: Política monetária - Brasil; Política tributária - Brasil; Negócios - Brasil; Economia Monetária e Fiscal
• Link de acesso: http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9990

The studies of the interaction about the fiscal and monetary policies, for a long time, were in second place in the debate on macroeconomic policy. It was standard practice in the literature to ignore fiscal policy. Implicitly, the models assumed that fiscal budget was balanced at all times by means of lump-sum taxations. It was assumed the existence of a Ricardian regime, in which the government budget was always balanced. The last years have emerged a different way of thinking about this issue. Consequently, a new view of the interaction of monetary and fiscal policy is important. Now, fiscal and monetary policies interactions are important to explain the movements of the macroeconomic variables. The recent developments, both in practice and in theory, have shown growing relationship between fiscal and monetary policy. Thus, the theme is very relevant, especially issues such as sustainability of public debt, high interest rates and inflation control at the center of discussions on macroeconomic policy, especially in Brazil. In this context, this study examine the interaction between monetary and fiscal policies in a dynamic model stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE), in the framework of models of real business cycles (RBC), with a cash in advance restriction (CIA) to the Brazilian case between 2000 and 2013. Traditionally, the RBC literature puts the technology shocks as the main cause of economic fluctuations. However, the relevance and the role of different simultaneous shocks such as technological, fiscal and monetary, is an issue that can contribute to existing literature on the subject. For this, various artificial economies were simulated in other to get the second moments (standard deviation and correlation coefficient) and the response functions for the main variables. Although monetary and fiscal policy shocks and the interaction between both policies are the main goal for this work, it was used the productivity shocks to test the model and compare the simulation with the Brazilian data second moments. From this, various artificial economies were simulated and was analyzed how the variables respond to productivity, fiscal and monetary shocks, isolated and then, simultaneously. Comparing Brazilian data statistics to the artificial economy statistics, we claim that the model provides a very good fit for the real variability, with exception the hours worked. The simulation with unanticipated monetary and productivity shocks suggest a higher volatility of nominal variables. Contrary to the artificial economy, nominal variables play an important role in the model with monetary shocks. The other simulation it was the productivity and fiscal shocks. In comparison with the artificial economy, all variables show higher volatility, with exception the output. This simulation shows an increase of 50% of the volatility on inflation in comparison with the artificial economy. The last simulation is about the productivity, fiscal and monetary shocks simultaneous in general equilibrium models. The result of simulation was able to capture approximately 32% of Brazilian inflation variability. Furthermore, the results of simulation suggest that the monetary policy constraints fiscal policy by affecting nominal interest rates, suggesting that monetary policy is the active policy, while fiscal policy is the passive policy in the short-run fluctuations in Brazil.