Application of ozone in the microvinification in replacement of sulphite

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Laureano, Juliane
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: eng
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Palavras-chave em Português: Vinho tinto - Produção; Vinho tinto - Efeito do ozônio; Bactérias lácticas; Antocianina; Engenharia Agrícola
• Link de acesso: http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8191

Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is the additive that is most frequently used to avoid wine spoilage. However, it can cause sensorial alterations in the final product and presents risks to human health. Ozone has been proposed at different stages of wine production. However, it has not yet been used directly in the must to control microorganism growth. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the viability of ozone as substitute for SO 2 in some stages of wine production. For this, experiments were carried out in two parts. First, the ozone effect (0 to 7.5 mg.L -1 for 10 min) on microorganisms with enological importance (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus casei, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Gluconobacter oxydans) in vitro in comparison with SO 2 treatment was analyzed. Ozone was more effective in reducing the population of lactic bacteria (LAB) compared with the SO 2 treatment, even in the presence of grape nutrients and under winemaking conditions. Ozone also caused a reduction in acetic bacteria (AAB). However, biofilm production may have affected the results. In the second part, wines were produced with Syrah grapes by microvinification. Ozone was applied at different concentrations (2 – 12 mg.L -1 ) and treatment times (5 – 25 min) at days 1, 6 and 16 of fermentation. A standard treatment was performed employing potassium metabisulfite. The control was performed without O 3 or SO 2 . The yeasts, LAB and AAB were quantified after the treatments. The analyses of anthocyanins, color parameters, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and volatile compounds were performed after the end of alcoholic fermentation. The yeasts, LAB and AAB were not affected by the treatments with ozone, nor were the total and polymeric anthocyanins, color density, polymeric color, chromatic characteristics, polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. Wines produced with higher ozone concentrations acquired aging characteristics, presented decreased monomeric anthocyanins, increased percentage of polymeric color and increased yellow/brown shades and tonality. This suggests that the use of ozone as a substitute of sulfite may confer aging characteristics to wine in terms of color and may contribute to reducing the time needed for maturation. Of the analyzed volatile compounds, acetaldehyde reached the sensorial detection limit in all the treatments. In some wines treated with ozone for 15 and 25 min, methanol was present in quantities above those permitted by Brazilian law. These volatile compounds are important for the sensory quality and safety of wines. Such changes should be taken into account before using ozone as a substitute for sulfite in wine production.