Evaluation of a probiotic fermented goat milk and its clinical application in type 2 diabetes mellitus

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Tonucci, Lívia Bordalo
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: eng
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Palavras-chave em Português: Leite fermentado; Probióticos; Microbiota; Inflamação; Lactobacillus; Bifidobacterium; Diabetes; Nutrição
• Link de acesso: http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9199

The administration of probiotics and prebiotics has been reported to be one of the most widely used approaches to modulate intestinal microbiota. Interestingly, type 2 diabetes has been associated with dysbiosis and one of the possible routes for restore a healthy gut microbiota is by the regular ingestion of probiotics, which has been highlighted in the food industry. The present study aimed, first, to develop a flavored fermented goat milk containing probiotics and assess their metabolic effect in diabetics. Fermented milk with or without probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12) were subjected to physicochemical, microbiological and sensory analysis, besides the nutritional characterization of the product, including antioxidant activity. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of probiotic flavored fermented milk were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than conventional fermented milk. A higher loss in cell viability was observed for L. acidophilus than for the B. animalis. However, the viability of all bacteria was adequate (> 106 cfu/mL) until day 28 of storage. The fermented milk showed good sensory characteristics and no significant sensory preference among the fermented milks was found. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study including 50 diabetic patients, was developed later. The subjects were divided into two groups, receiving 120 mL/ day one of the fermented milks for 6 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, fasting blood and faecal samples were taken at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention. The study demonstrated a significant decrease in fructosamine levels (p ≤ 0.05) and haemoglobin A1c tended to be lower (p = 0.07) in probiotic group. TNF- α and resistin were significantly reduced and faecal acetic acid was increased in both groups after the end of trial, while IL-10 was reduced (p < 0.001) only in the control group. There was a significant difference between groups concerning mean changes of HbA1c, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. No significant changes (p > 0.05) from baseline were detected in plasma total antioxidant status and F2-isoprostane. This study developed a beverage of good quality, in terms of survival of bacteria and sensory and nutritional characteristics. Probiotic flavored fermented milk consumption improved the glycemic control in diabetic subjetcs, however, the intake of flavored fermented goat milk was involved with others metabolic changes.