Formulação e aplicação de inseticida botânico para controle da broca-do-café

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Brito, Welington Adolfo de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Qualidade Ambiental
• Palavras-chave em Português: Artrópodes-praga; Controle alternativo; Hypothenemus hampei; Arthropod-pest; Alternative control; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/28629; http://doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.2465

Arabica coffee occupies 1.74 million hectares, representing 81% of the area planted with coffee in Brazil, of which 68.8% (1.21 million hectares) are concentrated in Minas Gerais. Although it is a crop with many technological investments, there are many factors that can contribute to the reduction of productivity, among them are the arthropod-plagues that affect the crop. The coffee borer (Hypothenemus hampei) is considered one of the main pests of the coffee crop, causing damages due to the perforations and galleries that make in the grains, which can lead to losses in the production and reduction in the quality of the drink. In this way, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of the formulation of a botanical insecticide for the control of H. hampei, in addition to the identification of fatty acids constituents of neem oil (Azadirachta indica). In controlled environments, adult H. hampei individuals were kept in Petri dishes in B.O.D. in the absence of light at 25 ± 2ºC with six different concentrations of the formulation (0.50%, 0.62% , 0.75%, 0.87%, 1.0% and 1.12%) and distilled water as control. The effect of the formulation was evaluated when it was applied to the filter paper that lined the plates and applied directly to the adult insects (topical application). The number of dead individuals was recorded with a 6 hour interval for 48 hours, and the percentage of confirmed mortality for each concentration was evaluated. Identification of the chemical constituents of neem oil was performed by mass spectrometry with gas chromatography. Field trials were performed on coffee plants of Topázio MG-1190 cultivar, with four applications of the formulated compound being intervaled with a temporal frequency of every 20 days. The experiment was carried out in a 10-repetition plot design, with 1-botanical insecticide treatments; 2- control (water) and 3- chemical insecticide (standard), totaling three treatments in a total of 30 plots. The effects of the presence of H. hampei were evaluated through the insults caused to the fruits (brocaded or perforated grains). For the analysis of the laboratory data, the linear regression test and Tukey test were applied with confidence intervals of 5%. For the field data, Tukey test was used with confidence intervals of 1%. In relation to the analysis of insecticidal activity of the botanical formulation in a controlled environment, after observation in 48 hours, a mortality of the insects of 63,34% and 100% was obtained, with the formulation applied on the filter paper and directly on the insects, respectively. In the evaluations of the insecticidal activity, in the field, there was a reduction of the population incidence of H. hampei in 62.4% compared to the control and similarly with the chemical insecticides used. Thus, the botanical formulation proved to be a possible substitute for synthetic chemical insecticides, which can be used in control programs of H. hampei. Keywords: Arthropod-pest. Alternative control. Hypothenemus hampei.