Avaliação do impacto de medidas de prevenção e controle de infecção da corrente sanguínea em unidades de terapia intensiva

• Ano de defesa: 2006
• Autor(a) principal: Santana, Solange Leite [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Infecção Hospitalar; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva; Circulação Sanguínea; Controle de Infecções
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/21282

Introduction: Vascular access-associated infections remain a major complication of modern medicine all over the world, particularly in intensive care units. They increase patient morbidity, affect quality of patient care, and generate substantial costs. Educating health care workers has been demonstrated to be an efficient, cost-effective technique to decrease nosocomial infection rates. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of an educational program to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections among intensive care unit patients at a university-affiliated teaching hospital. Methods: This was a interventional study conducted in two adult medical surgical ICUs with similar characteristics. The study was performed in three periods: pre-intervention (September to December 2004), intervention (January to March 2005) and post-intervention (April to July 2005). All adult patients admitted into the ICUs at study during the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods who had a central venous catheter (CVC) placed for at least 48 hrs were followed prospectively for bloodstream infections. In intervention period, health care workers underwent education and training program about CVC care and infection control practices. Rates of catheter-associated bloodstream infection were evaluated during pre-intervention and post-interventional periods. Results: There were no significant changes in patient demographics characteristics during the study. The average time, in days of hospitalization in the intensive care units in pre and postinterventional periods was, respectively, 27,0 and 21,4 (p=0,191). The average of APACHE II score was 15,4 pre-interventional and 15,2 post-interventional (p=0,887) and the average of age was 56,7 years pre-interventional and 55,6 post-interventional (p=0,714). Sixteen cases of catheter-associated bloodstream infections during 1679 catheter-days were noted in the pre-intervention period: 9,5 cases/1000 catheter-days. After the implementation of the education program, eight cases of catheter-associated bloodstream infections were registered during 1473 catheter-days: 5,4/1000 catheterdays (p=0,046). The mortality rate in the intensive care units were not different between the two periods: 40,4% pre-intervention e 47,4% post-intervention (p=0,339). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that an educational program may be an effective strategy for decreasing the incidence of vascular access-associated infections in patients in intensive care units. Nonetheless, this reduction is unlikely to have impact on patient mortality rates.