Escolha da especialidade em Medicina de família e comunidade entre alunos concluintes dos módulos do internato em Medicina de família e comunidade na Universidade Federal do Pará

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Figueiredo, Paulo Humberto Mendes de [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
• Palavras-chave em Português: health; family medicine and community; medical education; saúde; medicina de família e comunidade; educação médica
• Link de acesso: https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/trabalhoConclusao/viewTrabalhoConclusao.jsf?popup=true&id_trabalho=957525; https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/46925

The Family Medicine and Community (FMC) is defined as the medical specialty that gives assistance to health in a continued, integrate and embracing way to people, their families and to society. FMC’s operation is mainly focused on primary care area as the Health System (HT)´s front door. If all the FMC´s experts were acting in the Family Health Strategy (FHS), there would be only 9,35% of FHS´s teams integrated by FMC´s expert doctors, what contributes to the low solving rates of Primary Care in Brazil. This research objective was to identify the causes that have an effect on the election or rejection of the FMC´s specialty during the Medical school of Federal University of Pará (FUPA). It was made a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study. The data collection was done through a semi-structured questionnaire, with opened and closed questions, which was applied to students of the 5th e 6th years of the medical school who had been through the FMC I and FMC II. The questionnaire was applied and accepted by 47 of 50 students of the FMC´s modules of FUPA by means of the Statement of Informed Consent (SIC). It was found that the students had the average age of 25,6 years old; 29 were female (61,7%) and 18 were male (38,3%); 14 (29,8%) had family income between 1 and 10 minimum wages, 13 (27,7%) between 10 and 20 minimum wages, 10 (21,3%) between 21 and 30 minimum wages and 9 (19,1%) between 31 and 50 minimum wages; 46 (97,9%) were single, and that 45 of these students had no kids and only 2 (4,3%) had a child each one; the students have graduated on high school between 2000 and 2006, and that 34 (72,3%) was from the private school. Eighteen students (38,3%) have attended another college degree before the medical school; 43 (91,5%) entered the medical school in 2007. Thirteen (27,7%) students answered that their reasons that made them choose to be doctors was identification with the profession, 7 (14,9%) answered identification with the profession and labor market, 5 (10,6%) answered identification with the profession, search for knowledge and labor market, 2 (4,3%) answered identification with the profession, search for knowledge, labor market and family influence, 2 (4,3%) have answered search for knowledge or identification with the profession, altruism and labor market. Eleven (23,4%) students have chosen their medical specialty in the 1st semester of the medical school and 15 (31,9%) done it between the 10th and the 12th semesters. Only 2 (4,3%) students have chosen the FMC specialization and 45 (95,7%) have chosen another specialties. Twenty eight (59,6%) have answered that the remuneration has a positive influence on the choice of the specialty; 27 (57,4%) answered that FMC is specialization of low prestige before the medical class and society, even though 33 (70,2%) students had answered that FMC is a specialty that requires much knowledge. FMC was rejected by the students because of many reasons, among which: identification and interest in another specialty, low remuneration, awful working conditions, low valuation, lack of recognition and because FMC is not a surgery specialty. About the influence of the experiences during the medical school and of the professors on the choice of specialty, the students have reported that were inserted into scenarios of Primary Care Attention, specifically into the FHS´s context, although they have also related prejudiced attitudes of some professors toward the people who are treated at the primary care. It is a worth noting the relevance of the FMC´s approach, not because of the formative power of the teaching propose of Medical schools, but because the power imbued by teaching process of FMC, before the present reforms in health in Brazil, such as the efforts to the work at the network of health care and the FHS´s consolidation. In this research the students have reported that the principal causes of their rejection to the FMC´s specialty were the poor infrastructure, low remuneration and low valuation of this specialty, which leads to rethink about the curricular adaptations of medical graduation as well as the public policies to encourage and improve working condition, especially at the suburb of the big urban centers.