O Pronto-Socorro do Hospital São Paulo: entre o ensino e a assistência

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Fernandes, Flávia Saraiva Leão [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Hospitais de ensino; Integralidade; Saúde Pública; São Paulo (cidade); Educação médica; Necessidades e demandas de serviços de saúde; Serviços médicos de emergência
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9865

This qualitative study aims to understand the dynamics and role of the Hospital São Paulo (HSP) Emergency Room (ER) within the organization of The Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS) from the point of view of three mid-level managers of the ER. The qualitative case study method was used, by way of the interview technique with the three mid-level managers from the Hospital São Paulo Emergency Room. Hospital São Paulo is the Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) and is considered a Reference Unit in Hospital Care for Urgency and Emergency III. The narratives were systematized into six themes: (1) Health and education equipment: implications for health work. (2) In search of integrality: spontaneous health demand. (3) Motivations for spontaneous demand: cultural aspects. (4) Motivations for spontaneous demand: macrostructural aspects. (5) Standardized role: the referenced demand. (6) Overcoming obstacles: intervention proposals. The medical speciality tradition with emphasis on scientific development of Hospital São Paulo influences the health care in its Emergency Room. Access to the hospital wards and the Unifesp outpatient complex has an academic profile, so as to select the more complex and “interesting” cases from a scientific point of view. Moreover, health care in the ER follows the Flexner biomedical health and teaching model, which emphasizes (stresses) the hard and light-hard technologies and undervalues the relational field of light technologies in health care. The concentration of knowledge, specialities, and high complexity exams makes HSP attractive to the population, a fact that influences its ER which operates in an “open door” system. The highly spontaneous demand of the HSP ER has both cultural and macrostructural explanations. As far as the cultural aspects, it is possible to see the urgency and belief of the population that the hospital is the main responsible institution for health care. They have expectations for the health system as far as physician consultations and drug prescriptions, and have little knowledge of the SUS principles: hierarchy, regionalization, community participation, among others. The macrostructural factors are related to difficulties in access to Primary Health Care and mid-level complexity care, low solvability of the Basic Health Units (Unidades Básicas de Saúde – UBS), and the lack of integrality of the health system. The HSP ER has a standardized role inside the SUS in the city of São Paulo that is to service a referenced demand. It integrates the State Reference Hospital System in Urgent Care and Emergencies and provides health care to patients that already had first aid in other health services that do not have diagnosis, therapy support and/or a specialized team for the continuity of the urgent health care. The interviewees pointed out some intervention proposals for the improvement of the HSP ER patient flow so that only urgent care patients are attended to and prevents an overflow of patients in the ER. They suggest mechanisms for decreasing the number of low complexity patients (Assistance with Risk Classification and Outpatient Medical Care) and for improvements in the Urgency and Emergency Regulation through strengthening the reference and counter-reference system. It is possible to see, however, that the intervention proposals are limited to internal Hospital problems and do not fully take into consideration the rest of the health care system. The current context of the HSP ER exposes contradictions and conflicts. The existing tensions manifest themselves at a micro level, in the difference of health care models between education needs and user needs, as well as a macro level, as it relates to the management of integrated delivery networks throughout a university that does not recognize itself as part of the health system. This study had the intention to unveil existing processes in the Hospital São Paulo Emergency Room. It opens possibilities for other studies and it can help the HSP management, bringing clues and subsidies for new interventions.