Caracterização dos Mecanismos de Resistência a Cefalosporina de Quarta Geração e a Ertapenem em Enterobacter cloacae subespécie cloacae Isolados em Hemoculturas

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Cayô, Rodrigo [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Antimicrobianos; Biologia molecular; Carbapenêmicos; Cefalosporinas; Hemocultura; Resistência bacteriana; Enterobacter subespécie cloacae; Enterobacter cloacae; Resistência às Cefalosporinas
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9178

Background: The overproduction of AmpC in Enterobacter spp. can contribute to resistance phenotype to fourth-generation cephalosporins and to carbapenens. The mechanisms of resistance to cefepime and ertapenem were studied among 11 E. cloacae subespecie cloacae clinical isolates from blood cultures isolated at Sao Paulo Hospital. Methods: Susceptibility testing by disk diffusion and agar dilution techniques was performed according to CLSI. Analysis of outer membrane protein (OMP) was performed by SDS-PAGE. The genetic relatedness was evaluated by PFGE and the dendogram was obtained by Bionumerics program. The isolates were also tested against cefepime, ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem with and without of PAƒÀN (25 ƒÊg/ml) and reserpine (20 ƒÊg/ml), an efflux pump inhibitors by agar dilution. Genes for ESƒÀLs, carbapenemases and plamidial AmpCs were screened by PCR and confirmed by sequencing. The expression level of ampC, ompC and ompF genes was measured by real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: All isolates were resistant to cephalosporins, aztreonam, ƒÀ-lactamases association inhibitors, tetraciclin, ciprofloxacin and amikacin, by disk diffusion. All isolates showed high resistant phenotype to cefotaxime (MIC50, > 256 ƒÊg/mL), ceftazidime (MIC50, 256 ƒÊg/mL), and cefepime (MIC50, 256 ƒÊg/mL) but they were susceptible to imipenem (MIC50, 0.25 ƒÊg/mL) and meropenem (MIC50, 0.25 ƒÊg/mL). Seven isolates showed ertapenem MICs of 4 ƒÊg/ml, while other three isolates showed MICs of 8 ƒÊg/ml and one isolate showed MIC of 2 ƒÊg/ml. Four clusters were founded by the Bionumerics program. The PCR results showed amplification for blaTEM and blaCTX-M. Hyperexpression of ampC was detected in all isolates by qRT-PCR. Only one sample showed a decreased in the OmpC expression. The loss of an OMP of 43 kDa was observed for all isolates in the SDS-PAGE technicque compared to the susceptible control. No significant reduction for â-lactam’s MICs was observed in the presence of PAâN. Conclusions: The results showed that the hyperproduction of AmpC coupled with ESBL production were responsible for the high resistant rates to cefepime. The hyperproduction of AmpC coupled with the loss of an OMP of 43 kDa is likely to be responsible for the reduced susceptibility to ertapenem in the E. cloacae subespecie cloacae isolates, which seems not to be associated with efflux systems.