Fatores associados à letalidade e impacto da terapêutica em infecção de corrente sanguínea por Acintetobacter baumannii resistente a carbapenem em hospital universitário

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Cavalcante, Ana Carolina Marteline [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Resistência a múltiplos medicamentos; Bacteriemia; Carbapenêmicos; Infecções por Acinetobacter
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9633

Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. A better understanding of risk factors for acquisition and factors associated with mortality among patients with bloodstream infection caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, as well as, the appropriate therapy for these infections is needed. Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the factors associated with mortality in patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and to assess the impact of therapy among patients treated with polymyxin B and ampicillin-sulbactam for at least 48 hours. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at São Paulo Hospital from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2009. The identification of patients was done through data collection from the blood culture reporting and subsequent chart review. Patients were initially divided into those who died and those who survived and evaluated against exposure to various factors potentially associated with hospital mortality. Subsequently, patients treated with the polymyxin B and ampicillin/sulbactam were analyzed concerning to 14-day mortality. Results: A total of 150 episodes of bloodstream infection caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was identified: male sex was predominant in 90 patients (60%), the median age was 62 years, 60 patients (40 %) were treated with polymyxin B and 28 (18.6%) were treated with ampicillin-sulbactam. The APACHE II score was greater than or equal to 15, in about 70% of cases. Regarding to deaths, there were 116 deaths corresponding to 77% of the population and the median time elapsed from hospital admission to death was 35 days. Multivariate analysis identified the use of hemodialysis (OD = 3.32, p = 0.044, CI 1.03 to 10.68), presence of septic shock (OR = 3.75, p = 0.036, CI 1.09 to 12, 87), polymicrobial infection (OD = 5.50, p = 0.036, CI 1.12 to 26.92) and elderly age (OD = 1.04, p = 0.003, CI 1.02 to 1.07) as independent risk factors for mortality in this population. Treatment with polymyxin B and ampicillin-sulbactam (OD = 0.07, p = 0.001, CI 0.02 to 0.33) was a protective factor. By analyzing specifically the 88 patients who received polymyxin B or ampicillin-sulbactam, the only variables found as predictors of 14-day mortality were: elderly age (OD = 1.04, p = 0.010, CI 1.01 to 1, 07) and polymyxin B treatment (OD = 5.56, p = 0.002, CI 1.87 to 16.49), while parenteral nutrition (OD = 0.21, p = 0.011, CI 0.06 to 0, 70) was a protective factor for this group. Conclusions: Bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii are a potentially serious infection. The independent factors associated with mortality were: use of hemodialysis, presence of septic shock, polymicrobial infection and elderly age. The treatment with polymyxin B was related to a greater mortality when compared to ampicillin-sulbactam. The use of early parenteral nutrition was a protective factor.