Separação de polissacarídeos bioativos de shiitake (Lentinula edodes) usando coluna de leito fixo com carvão ativado e processo de separação por membranas

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Rosa, Barbara Vargas da
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasil; Engenharia Química; UFSM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química; Centro de Tecnologia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Shiitake; Polissacarídeos; Coluna de leito fixo; Processo de separação por membranas; Fitopatógenos; Polysaccharides; Fixed-bed column; Membrane separation process; Phytopathogens; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/33201

During their growth, fungi are capable of producing various compounds, many of which have numerous health benefits. Among these compounds, polysaccharides stand out, as their chemical structure, resulting from the cellular metabolism of the microorganism, can have valuable bioactive actions. The shiitake mushroom is capable of producing these compounds and, being very popular and non-toxic to humans, its commercial use is quite interesting. However, there are still challenges in obtaining these compounds efficiently and at a low cost. Therefore, this work aims to obtain polysaccharides from expired shiitake mushrooms using efficient and viable technologies. For this purpose, a fixed-bed column with activated carbon was used, and temperature and eluate concentration were investigated. The membrane separation processes were also explored to reduce process steps and increase feasibility. Chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antifungal activity were also analyzed. The results showed that using a fixed-bed column, it is possible to recover 40% of the total sugars present in the initial sample. These polysaccharides were composed only of glucose, exhibit antioxidant activity, and have the following molecular weights: 4.2×104 kDa, 2.5×104 kDa, 9.3×103 kDa, 2.6×103 kDa, and 1.1×103 kDa. In the membrane separation, the monosaccharides glucose, rhamnose, and arabinose were observed in all samples, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirms the presence of polysaccharides. This process allowed for the isolation of molecules within a specific molecular weight range, demonstrating the applicability of membrane separation. The shiitake extracts were applied to phytopathogenic fungi, and the best inhibitory effects were 13.0 ± 0.07% inhibition for the fungus Rhizoctonia solani and 5.87 ± 0.03% for Macrophomina phaseolina. These results highlight the potential application of shiitake and its promising commercial applications when incorporating technologies that enhance efficiency sustainably and cost-effectively.