O traumatismo ético e ontológico da exterioridade: um estudo sobre a nudez em Emmanuel Levinas

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Monteiro, Wellington
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasil; Filosofia; UFSM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia; Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas
• Palavras-chave em Português: Emmanuel Levinas; Ética; Ontologia; Fenomenologia; Ethics; Ontology; Phenomenology; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/34380

The following research aims to investigate the notion of nudity present in the early works of the French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, ranging from his works considered as “preparatory writings”, which go from his first philosophical essay called Of evasion (1935), through the works written in captivity but published in the post-war period such as Existence and Existents (1947) and Le temps de l'autre (1947), culminating in his first major work Totality and Infinity (1961). The investigation starts from Levinas' contribution to phenomenology, which is the tradition that was the cradle of his thought, with his critical interlocution with his masters Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, whose Levinas was a pioneering interpreter. From his investigations prior to the war, an original thought is already beginning to emerge, which does not fall within the intentional horizons of Husserl's phenomenology or Heidegger's fundamental ontology. But it would be in his captivity during the Second World War that the philosopher would witness a traumatic experience that would reveal itself in philosophical proportions, thus contaminating his writing. This traumatic event that runs through Levinas' writings is read by contemporary interpreter François-David Sebbah as a kind of epoché, but one whose reduction of the world is not theoretical, but rather as the concrete debacle of its meaning. At the moment of this event, which becomes tacit in the experience of the survivor in the midst of war, he witnesses the collapse of meaning on the surface of the world itself, with no possible donation left. In this event, the world becomes indeterminate, and is shown to participate in a neutral ontological dimension, called by Levinas il y a, which is the verb to be without a noun. This event is read as a denudation, where the human (in)condition is exposed in its precariousness. With this, the hypothesis of our work is that this traumatic event can be read in the ambiguity of the notion of nudity, which appears in his writings both as an adjective for the crude and disaggregated materiality of a debris, and as one of the main adjectives for the surplus of the face, and can thus be read as an ontological nudity and as an ethical nudity.