Melhoria dos atributos químicos do solo pela ação combinada de calcário e gesso em latossolo sob plantio direto

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Teixeira, Tiago De Gregori
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BR; Agronomia; UFSM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo
• Palavras-chave em Português: Soja; Gesso agrícola; Relação de nutrientes; Soybean; Gypsum; Nutrient balance; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5592

The good root development directly affects the crop production. The improvement of chemical characteristics of the sub superficial layer brings the benefit of minimizing the effects of water deficit periods to the plants. In this sense the study aimed to evaluate the effect of lime, gypsum and potassium doses on soil chemical attributes, by evaluating crops productivity under no-till. The specific objectives were to analyze: the correction of soil acidity and enhancements of soil chemical attributes in different depths, after 9 and 16 months; the foliar nutrient levels in the soybean plants; the production of soybean and wheat exposed to high doses of gypsum; and which cationic relations influenced productivity. The experiment was conducted in 2012/13, 2013 and 2013/14 in a dystrophic Red Oxisol in the city of Estrela Velha, RS, which presents a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), and average rainfall of 1678 mm year-1. The experiment was arranged in sub plots with three repetitions. The eight treatments were constituted by: two doses of lime + gypsum (0+0 and 5.5+3 Mg ha-1), combined with four doses of potassium chloride (0.0, 0.16, 0.33 and 0.66 Mg ha-1).The soil samples were collected at three times: initial characterization, 9 and 16 months after inputs application. The experimental design was sub plots with three measure repetitions in the sub plots. The data for each dependent variable (soil chemical and crop foliar parameters) were analyzed using all samples by repeated measures using ANOVA mixed linear model, by the method of restricted maximum likelihood (REML). The analyzed soil was stratified in seven depths: from the surface until 0.6 meters depth. Foliar samples were collected to analyze the effect of the treatments in the nutrition of soybean plants, and by manual harvest the productivity was evaluated for each plot. In the first study, the dose of gypsum increased the values of pH, V% and reduced the Al saturation down to 0.10m. Magnesium leaching occurred in all layers, while S was carried done to even deeper layers than the analyzed. Leaching of K was not observed, even in the treatment with the gypsum dose. The elevated doses of potassium reduced soybean productivity in average 12%. While the treatments that had lime+ gypsum presented accumulated production 5% higher. On the second study, a correlation matrix was used to indicate the linear correlations with higher R2, whereas the Ca rate and its saturation presented higher positive correlation with soybean productivity.