Declínio hídrico do sertão do Baixo São Francisco : desafios socioambientais em Piranhas/AL

• Ano de defesa: 2022
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Ívia Rejane Ferreira
• Orientador(a): Pinto, Josefa Eliane Santana de Siqueira
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Geografia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Geografia física; Hidrogeografia; Hidrografia de Piranhas (AL); Rio São Francisco; Piranhas (AL); Sistema socioambiental urbano; Precipitações pluviais; Hidrografia do Baixo São Francisco; Vulnerabilidade socioambiental
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Urban socio-environmental system; Rainfall; Hydrography of the Lower São Francisco; Social and environmental vulnerability
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA
• Link de acesso: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/16918

The studies carried out from the perspective of Socio-environmental Geography have contributed to the understanding of the problems arising from the interaction between nature and society. Among the problems faced by societies today, the rain and water drought, understood in this research work as a socio-environmental risk, stands out. Located in the Northeast Region of Brazil, in the semi-arid region of the State of Alagoas, the municipality of Piranhas, in its relations with the sertão of the lower course of the São Francisco River, is the study reference for the present research. In order to achieve the proposed objectives and, through these, reach the results of the research, it was sought to employ the quali-quantitative methodology based on the GTP method (Geosystem-Territory-Pascape), aided by the methodological procedures: bibliographic research; documentary research (rainfall, hydric, cartographic and urban socio-environmental survey) and field research (empirical observation; photographic survey and application of semi-open interviews and semi-open questionnaires). In recent decades (2000 to 2020), the cities located in the hydrographic region of the Sertão do Baixo São Francisco faced periods of rainfall shortage and, in the same period, the lower course of the São Francisco River went through a marked hydric decline. Considering this problem, research was carried out by searching for rainfall data for the municipality of Piranhas and the flow of the Lower São Francisco River in the area encompassing the territory of Piranhas, in a historical series that extends from January 2000 to December 2020, and it was found that, in fact, the event of extreme drought occurred. In view of the exposure of the population of this city distributed in three urban agglomerations, Piranhas (Historical Center, Bairros Nossa Senhora da Saúde and Xingó), Entremontes District and Piau District, which live with the imminent risk of rain and water drought, we sought to reaffirm the climatic event of extreme drought from the climatic and environmental perception of the population and verify whether this event is characterized as a socioenvironmental risk for the urban population of Piranhas, located on the banks of the São Francisco River. Through the analysis of the perceptions, it was verified that the pluvial and hydric drought is represented as a risk for the Urban Socio-environmental System of Piranhas, causing impacts mainly in the socioeconomic sector of the municipality. However, such impacts manifest themselves differently, depending on the socioeconomic activity and on the urban agglomeration of the municipality where it is being carried out. From this context, we sought to identify and classify the socio-environmentally vulnerable populations and urban agglomerations, as well as to suggest mitigating measures in order to enable the prevention of socio-environmental risks, and establish the reduction of impacts, especially for those most vulnerable. Studies like these are relevant for the evaluation of socioenvironmental vulnerability and become an example for analysis of the Urban Socioenvironmental System of other cities similar to Piranhas.