Potencial do biocarvão para remediação de solo salino-sódico do perímetro irrigado Jacaré-Curituba em Sergipe

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Wallace Melo dos
• Orientador(a): Gonzaga, Maria Isidória Silva
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Recursos Hídricos
• Palavras-chave em Português: Recursos hídricos; Biocarvão; Gesso; Biorremediação; Solos – Lixiviação; Solos irrigados; Milho – Cultivo – Sergipe
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Biochar; Gypsum; Salt leaching; Soil remediation; Soil conditioner
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::RECURSOS HIDRICOS
• Link de acesso: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/14263

In northeastern Brazil, there is an increase in areas with soil salinization problem, mainly in irrigated perimeters. Some practices are used for the recovery of these soils, such as the application of gypsum associated with soil washing, use of organic matter and halophyte plants. Biochar can improve water flow and salt leaching, with great potential to remediate saline-sodic soils. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the application of biochar from three different sources: sugarcane bagasse, orange bagasse and corn cob, with and without gypsum, in the remediation of saline-sodic character of a chromic Luvisol of the irrigated perimeter Jacaré-Curituba, in Sergipe, and the initial development of maize (Zea mays L.). Two sequential experiments were performed. The first using leach columns in a factorial scheme (3 x 2) + 2, with 3 types of biochar, with and without added gypsum, a treatment with only gypsum and a control treatment, without biochar and without gypsum. The second experiment was developed in a greenhouse by cultivating maize with the soil resulting from the leaching experiment. The best three treatments from the leaching experiment were added, but without previous soil washing. Biochars were applied in a dosage of 58.8 t ha-1 and gypsum at 27.7 t ha-1 . The EC, SAR and the concentrations of Na+ , K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4 2- , CO3 2- , HCO3 - e Clions in the leached, saturated paste extracts and exchangeable bases and ESP in the soil after leaching were analyzed. Maize plants were evaluated at 30 days after sowing in the following parameters: germination, plant height, stem diameter, dry matter, concentrations of N, P, Na and K in shoot and root. All biochars were more efficient than gypsum in reducing soil salinity parameters, but the sugarcane and corncob biochars showed better results, as they reduced the CEes by 95%, the SAR by 97% and the ESP by more than 83%. Maize plants were only able to grow on biochartreated soils. Therefore, sugarcane and maize residues biochars were efficient to remediate the saline-sodic character of Chromic Luvisol and improved maize plant development and nutritional status.