Terra e trabalho : uma abordagem da memória do espaço e da história rural do sertão sergipano (1960-2018)

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Jesus, Givaldo Santos de
• Orientador(a): Costa, José Eloízio da
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Geografia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Geografia; Desenvolvimento rural – Sergipe; Agricultura familiar; Regiões áridas – Sergipe; Sertanejos; História oral
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Geography; Memory; History
• Palavras-chave em Espanhol: Sertón sergipano; Desarrollo Rural
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA
• Link de acesso: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/15516

The transformations that have occurred in the rural space, due to the advance of apitalist relations in the field, have been an ample object for the development of studies in several areas of science. Geography, in turn, has sought new narratives with theoretical and methodological bases in order to explain the facts that imply in the dynamics and configuration of space. The present thesis aims to address the dimensions of the land and labor issue, reconstructing memory and rural history, from the perspective of the changes and permanences of family farming in the rural space of the Sertão sergipano, in the trajectory from 1960 to 2018. This research has a geographical character and seeks interdisciplinarity with History. In methodological terms, we conducted an extensive bibliographic review with classic and current authors on the theme; we applied interviews through the methodology of thematic oral history with the objective of rescuing the individual and collective memories of social actors who acted and/or operate in the rural space of the Sertão sergipano and were cross-referenced with quantitative data and official documents such as: Agricultural Censuses, Government Messages and newspapers from the period studied. he sertão is a dynamic region with a vast political, economic, social, cultural and environmental heritage with expressive diversity fed by a set of memories and social representations that allow us to identify the contradictory and historical land concentration, from the cattle-raising dominion of a few families, such as Britto, Feitosa, Carvalho and Leite, and the struggle of the landless rural workers, organized in a first moment by the Catholic church and later by the MST to have access to land and guarantee survival in a semi-arid region. The constant droughts force the "sertanejo" (people from the countryside) to develop some survival strategies, especially planting palms, silage and storing rainwater in dams and cisterns. And the State, in turn, acted with the development of development projects such as the Polonordeste, Sertanejo and the Chapéu de Couro, in which most of its actions ended up encouraging the process of unequal modernization and the growth of cattle-raising, to detriment of the small family production. The agricultural production in the sertão sergipano went through a process of growth and crisis, highlighting manioc, cotton, beans, corn and cattle raising, one with its own specificities. At the present time, the corn agribusiness has advanced in the sertão, benefiting the large producers and the milk production that, even pulverized among family farmers, has guaranteed their survival and permanence in the field. In fact, access to land, investments in public policies, and the growth of corn production and the dairy basin have provided a development in the sertão. And, even though unequal, it has shown growth and improvements in the living conditions of the people of the sertanejo (countryside). An example of this reality is the growth registered in Nossa Senhora da Glória in the last three decades, considered the capital of the sertão and of milk. Therefore, the major contribution of this research was to build a historical and geographic framework about the rural development of the Sertão sergipano so that the sertanejo maintains struggle to survival and the land valuation as a means of production and reproduction of the family units.