Efeitos contráteis, elétricos e antioxidantes de Canavalia rosea no miocárdio de rato e seu papel na prevenção dos danos decorrentes da lesão provocada pela reperfusão tissular

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Feitosa, Maraisa Bezerra de Jesus
• Orientador(a): Santos, Sandra Lauton
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Sergipe
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Canavalia rósea (Fabaceae); Antioxidantes; Reperfusão miocárdica; Miocárdio; Experiência com animais; Plantas medicinais; Isquemia miocárdica; Canavalia rosea
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Myocardial ischemic; Myocardial reperfusion; Antioxidants
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE
• Link de acesso: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3894

Plant-derived products have been widely studied for prevention and treatment of several diseases. Substances present in them showing antioxidant activities are of great interest because they are able to minimize cardiac injury associated to reperfusion of ischemic tissues. The cardiac reperfusion injury is a physiopathological phenomenon that can occur in coronary syndromes, during cardiovascular surgery and during angioplasty generating heart tissue lesions. In this context, it becomes important to evaluate the biological effects promoted by plant extracts looking for understand their potential for antioxidant protection in order to prevent cardiac tissue damage. Ethyl acetate fraction (FAE) was obtained from the crude extract of Canavalia rosea leaf. FAE was subjected to a phytochemical screening and some antioxidants molecules were identified. Quantitative evaluation of the antioxidant activity and the ability of FAE to scavenge DPPH radicals was performed. It was found that FAE caused a significant reduction in the amount of this radical (p < 0.001), inhibiting its production in 46.7 ± 3.5% with a EC50 of 20.9 ± 0.3 μg/mL. The index of antioxidant activity (IAA) associated to this fraction was 1.42, considered high (Soler-Rivas et al., 2000; Argolo et al., 2004). The in vitro lipid peroxidation was induced by ferrous sulfate. Different concentrations of FAE reduced the lipid peroxidation induced by this substance. We also have evaluate the electrical and contractile effects of FAE (300 μg/mL) in isolated hearts of rats mounted in Langendorff aortic perfusion system. FAE changed significantly, the electrocardiographic profile, increasing the duration of the following intervals: PRi (from 78.48 to 104.7, n = 5, p<0.05), QTi, (from 30.41 to 41.03, n = 5, p<0.05) as well as the QRS complex (from 17.36 to 25.19, n = 5, p<0.05). Furthermore, it reduced the heart rate (from 128.5 to 87.8, n =5, p<0.05). Studing its contractile effects, we have observed that this fraction promoted reduction of the left intraventricular pressure (PVE) (from 1.68 to 1.17, n = 5, p<0.05) as the contraction speed. Cardioprotective effect of FAE was evaluated by testing its skill to reduce the myocardial injury promoted by reperfusion of the heart tissue. To do that, we have employed enzymatic methods in order to evaluate the oxidative stress and also its action on the tissue contractile activity. Our results showed that the FAE reduced dP/dt maximum measured during systole and diastole. Conversely, it increased the diastolic time and also the PVE. During reperfusion after ischemia FAE significantly improved the heart rate decreasings the Index of Severity of Arrhythmia (ISA). The evaluation of antioxidant effects was performed by TBARS measurements as well as studying the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reductase (GR) activities. It was observed that lipid peroxidation was significantly lowered in hearts previously perfused with FAE, and subjected to protocols of ischemia-reperfusion, when compared with the animal group only infused with the vehicle (control animals). The activities of SOD, GPx and GR was significantly higher in hearts previously perfused with FAE, but CAT activity was lower. Looking at CK we observe that this index was lower in previously perfused by the FAE. With this set of results we can conclude that the FAE improves post-ischemic cardiac function. This may be due to the ability of flavonoids scavengers radicals and/or ability on the FAE induces increased activity of antioxidant enzymes in hearts subjected the injuries resulting from the cardiac reperfusion.