Análise comparativa de desempenho de estações de tratamento de esgotos sanitários de grande e pequeno porte em Aracaju

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Conceição, Matheus Carvalho
• Orientador(a): Mendonça, Luciana Coêlho
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Engenharia civil; Esgotos; Desempenho; Águas residuais; Aspectos ambientais; Soluções individuais; Estações de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETEs)
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Sewage; Performance; Individual solutions; Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs)
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL
• Link de acesso: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/12007

The biggest impacts on the country's water resources are the release of fresh sewage in water courses and the lack of sanitation, which still are a reality in most municipalities in Brazil. Specifically, in the municipality of Aracaju, capital of the State of Sergipe, the generated sewage treatment rate stands for only 49.4% of the total. Taking such reality into account, investment on on-site effluent treatment systems becomes a valuable alternative for enhancing the sewage infrastructure service in unassisted areas. Among the methods of individual wastewater treatment, the association of septic tank with anaerobic filter and compact treatment plants with anaerobic and aerobic chambers is an important alternative. Sewage collected by the sanitation company is driven to Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), stabilization ponds, UASB reactors, oxidation ditches, and combined systems. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the above-mentioned treatment systems, used as on-site solutions for domestic sewage treatment in two multifamily condominiums in the capital city of Sergipe, comparing them with the performance of four WWTPs in the same municipality. Physical-chemical monitoring of individual sewage treatment systems was performed and the results were compared to those obtained at Aracaju Sewage Treatment Stations. The findings indicate inefficiencies in most of the parameters analyzed in the individual solutions; WWTPs showed better results, but still below those found in the reviewed literature. The WWTPs, for most of the period analyzed, met the requirements of current environmental legislation for the release of effluents. During most of the analyzed period, the WWTPs complied with current environmental legislation for the discharge of effluents. On-site solutions have not met legal environmental requirements during the time they were observed. When comparing the performance of WWTPs with individual solutions, the four WWTPs presented performance rate values much higher than those of decentralized solutions. In view of the above, one may conclude for the need for investments in the maintenance of the infrastructure of the WWTPs and in the continuous training of professionals linked to the operation of the systems. In the case of decentralized solutions, the lack of supervision of the systems operation by public agencies leads to failures that cause ground and surface water degradation. As their structures are underground, there is no commitment to inspections and maintenance of the systems by condominium owners, despite its simple operation and low-cost. Both centralized and decentralized systems need to improve the quality rate of treated sewage released into water bodies, in order to reduce pollutant loads and their negative impacts on the environment, with consequent maintenance of water springs quality, and significant reduction of public health problems.