Fragilidade e vulnerabilidade socioambiental na região metropolitana de Aracaju/SE

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Santana, Leandro Barros de
• Orientador(a): Araújo, Hélio Mário de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Geografia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Cartografia; Análise multivariada; Aracaju (SE); Ecodinâmica; Estatística mulitivariada
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Ecodynamics; Multivariate statistics; Cartography
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA
• Link de acesso: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/10918

The rapid urbanization of the Brazilian population, starting in the 1950s, led to a disorderly expansion of cities, especially those that make up the metropolitan regions. In these places, the metropolitan incentive policies superposed urban infrastructures to places that are not suitable for occupation, hazardous natural processes. The municipalities belonging to the metropolitan region of Aracaju do not escape this picture. With the objective of identifying and spatializing which sectors of the population of Aracaju, Barra dos Coqueiros, Nossa Senhora do Socorro and São Cristóvão are in a situation of social and environmental vulnerability, the synthetic index of social vulnerability and environmental fragility based on the concept of Tricart (1977), through the methodologies developed by Ross (1994) and Crepani (1999, 2001). The synthetic index of social vulnerability was extracted from the IBGE database (2010), aggregated by 1136 census tracts. 369 variables were selected through multivariate statistics, which were reduced to 21 variables related to education, income, housing conditions and family arrangement . All cartographic information was prepared in an environment of geographic and later spatial information systems. The cartography of social vulnerability shows that the most worrying indexes are spatially distributed in the peripheries of the four municipalities of the metropolitan region, with illiterates with low financial incomes, committed to the subsistence of their families, being responsible for the homes and inhabiting precarious places. Concentration of the elderly in the center and in the neighborhoods to the north and west of the capital and in the rural sectors of the neighboring municipalities. Basic sanitation deficit in the subdivisions built in the fringes of the municipal offices and the housing complexes of the three municipalities besides the neighborhoods Porto Dantas, Santa Maria and Expansion Zone in Aracaju. These indicators coincided with the areas of high and very high potential fragility with 169.62 km2 (25.53% of the studied area) covering the fluvial plains of Vaza-Barris, Paramopama, Santa Maria, Poxim-Mirim and Poxim- Açu, Poxim, Sal and Pomonga canal, the Holocene terraces of Aracaju and Barra dos Coqueiros. Areas susceptible to flooding in times of concentrated rainfall and during autumnwinter coupled with high tides of syzygy. In the Santa Maria neighborhood, there are risks of mass movements combined with high declivities (above 30%) due to the presence of Morro do Avião and Piçarreira. Similar risk occurs in the neighborhoods of Porto Dantas, Coqueiral, Cidade Nova and Industrial and in the city of São Cristóvão. This paper suggests that the competent authorities, through analysis of environmental fragility and social vulnerability, plan and implement compensatory public policies to reduce high rates of social exclusion, such as expanding the supply of education and health services in the most disadvantaged areas, redistributing income through social programs, infrastructure works to alleviate floods and mass movements, constant monitoring to curb the occupation of areas of permanent protection and inadequate housing.