Efeito do treinamento funcional versus treinamento com dupla tarefa na função executiva de mulheres idosas

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Cardoso, Alan Pantoja
• Orientador(a): Grigoletto, Marzo Edir da Silva
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Educação Física
• Palavras-chave em Português: Educação física; Exercícios físicos para mulheres; Saúde e trabalho; Envelhecimento - Mulheres; Função executiva; Exercício físico; Mulheres Idosas; Senescência
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Executive function; Aging; Physical exercise; Older women; Senescence
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::EDUCACAO FISICA
• Link de acesso: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/18688

INTRODUCTION: The ability to carry out everyday tasks, known as activities of daily living (ADLs), is influenced by executive function (EF), there includes inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. With the aging process, there is a decline in these functions, being more evident in women. One way to mitigate this decline is through physical exercise between the various modalities. Neuromuscular exercises are the basis of functional training (FT) with complex movement patterns aimed at the development and maintenance of functionality and which are similar to ADLs and dual-task training (DTT), which prioritizes the performance of two simultaneous tasks, seems to be effective for FE in older women. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of sixteen weeks of FT and DTT and eight weeks of detraining on inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in older women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 62 older women (age: 66 ± 5 years; body mass index: 27.7 ± 3.9 kg/m2; 21.6 ± 4.1 Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores), divided into two groups TF (e.g., activities of daily living: squatting, pulling, carrying and pushing) and TDT (e.g., motor and cognitive activities, walking while speaking the name of fruits and remembering daily tasks). We assessed these at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention (16 weeks), and post-detraining (8 weeks). Executive function was measured using the Stroop Color and Word Test (inhibitory control), Corsi Block Test (working memory), and Trail Making Test (cognitive flexibility). The Generalized Linear Model (GLM) statistical model was used to test different covariance matrices to provide regression coefficients and standard errors. We analyzed the effects of time, group, and group*time interaction. Bonferroni post-hoc was used to identify differences between means of all variables. In addition, Cohen's d was calculated for the main comparisons, considering the values as trivial (<0.2), small (0.2 and 0.49), moderate (0.50 and 0.79), and large (≥ 0.8) (1.2). The significance level adopted in the tests was p < 0.05. RESULTS: In the Stroop Color and Word Test, both groups decreased the congruent response time of Pre-T vs. Post-T (TF: d= -0.29; p=1.000; TDT: d= - 0.64; p<0.001) and Post-T vs. Dest (TF: d= - 0.11; p=1.000; TDT: d= - 0.45; p=1.000). In the incongruent response time, we also detected in both groups a decrease in the Pre-T vs. Post-T (TF d= - 0.61; p=0.002; DTT: d= -0.59; p=0.002) and in the Post-T vs. Dest (TF: d= - 0.11; p=1.000; DTT: d= - 0.24; p=1.000), with no difference between the groups. We found no significant differences between the Corsi Block Test and Trail Making Test. CONCLUSION: Sixteen weeks of FT and DTT improved inhibitory control in older women, and these effects persisted after eight weeks of detraining. However, the experimental protocols used did not affect working memory and cognitive flexibility.