Detalhes bibliográficos
| Ano de defesa: |
2008 |
| Autor(a) principal: |
Estrela, Carina Costa |
| Orientador(a): |
Timm, Luís Carlos |
| Banca de defesa: |
Não Informado pela instituição |
| Tipo de documento: |
Dissertação
|
| Tipo de acesso: |
Acesso aberto |
| Idioma: |
por |
| Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Pelotas
|
| Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas de Produção Agrícola Familiar
|
| Departamento: |
Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel
|
| País: |
BR
|
| Palavras-chave em Português: |
|
| Palavras-chave em Inglês: |
|
| Área do conhecimento CNPq: |
|
| Link de acesso: |
https://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br/handle/123456789/2393
|
Resumo: |
The main economic activities developed at Turuçu-RS (Brazil) are the dairy cattle breeding, cultivation of temperate climate fruit, tobacco and red-hot chili pepper. Among the fruits, strawberry is a relevant crop which is providing worthy investment return for the farmers, generating income, employment, social inclusion and therefore rising quality of life of the farmers. Drip irrigation is one of the adopted technologies by the rural producers in the strawberry crop system. The irrigation water quality has an important role in this system due the potential to cause emitters clogging, reducing the equipment life time and irrigation uniformity. The effect of the water quality may very depending on factors as the kind of water source, local climate and the irrigation management employed by the farmer. This work intended to characterize the irrigation water sources in relation to their origin and to assess the spatial and temporal variability of the water quality utilized in the strawberry crop in 15 rural properties affiliated to the Association of Strawberry Producers of Turuçu-RS. Water samples were collected monthly at water supply for ten months. The water quality was evaluated in terms of its physical (suspended solids, dissolved solids and turbidity), chemical (pH, total iron, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and hardness) and microbiological parameters (total and fecal coliform bacteria). These parameters were evaluated in relation to the hazard to cause damages to the drip irrigation systems and to their spatial and temporal distribution by means of box plot graphs. To characterize the irrigation water sources relating to their origin was employed a typology for grouping the sources based on the CONAMA (National Council for the Environment) Resolution 303/2002. In this manner, six sources were classified as Group 1, five as Group 2, three as Group 3 and one as Group 4. It was verified that the rural producers had no technical advice about reservoir construction or water withdrawal location. The spatial and temporal variability of the water quality analyzed presented different magnitude for the parameters. The dissolved solid concentration presented the greatest among physical parameters, and dissolved oxygen, followed by electrical conductivity among the chemical. In relation to the clogging hazard, the suspended solid concentration was the physical parameter that presented the greatest percentage of samples classified as of moderate and severe risk, while turbidity was classified as adequate for most samples. For the chemical parameters, total iron levels presented the greatest percentage of samples classified as of moderate and severe risk. For dissolved oxygen, the percentage of samples classified as inadequate was over 50% in six properties, and it was classified as adequate over 50% in six properties. For the pH parameter the clogging hazard was found low in ten water sources while electrical conductivity and hardness presented low risk for all samples. It was not detected the presence of total and fecal coliform bacteria in four and five water samples, respectively, along the studied period. |
