Indicadores da qualidade do solo sob monocultivo de uva isabel: Atributos químicos e mineralógicos

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Lira, Elder Cunha de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Solos e Engenharia Rural; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Viticultura; Argissolo vermelho amarelo; Técnicas espectroscópicas; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/25539

Viticulture is an activity of great economic importance in several states of Brazil. This activity has been intensively developed and constitutes one of the socio-economic bases of the Agreste of Pernambuco. In this sense, a degradation of the soil is one of the most important factors, not a decline in the production of both viticulture and agriculture. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts on the chemical and mineralogical properties in the soil due to different years of cultivation with a vine of the variety Isabel (Vittis Labrusca L.). The work was conducted at the Fortaleza and Quatis Farms, located in the municipality of São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco, region of Agreste Pernambucano. The soil class occurring in the studied areas and a Red Yellow Argisol. Three different commercial orchards were selected, with approximate age of 05 (AC5), 08 (AC8) and 15 (AC15) years, as well a native forest area as a control. In each orchard, a sample area of 3,000 m2 was delineated, divided into 03 (three) subplots (Upper Third - UT, Middle Third - MT, Lower Third - LT), with 1,000 m2 each. Each sub-plot was divided into 05 (five) subareas, measuring 10 x 20 m (base x height), totaling 200 m2 each subarea. Three (3) mini trenches of 0.30 m x 0.50 m were opened, with sampling at depths of 0.0-0.05 m; 0.05-0.10 m; 0.10-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m, totaling 60 (sixty) samples per area. The results of the chemical attributes were submitted to analysis of variance and F test and as means and compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability using the SAS® software. It was possible to observe that as cultivation practices used, caused changes in soil chemical attributes under the production system. The values of pH in the area of Mata (MT) are considered to be agronomically low, presenting lower values than the cultivated areas for this chemical attribute in all depths, and the cultivated areas of 5 years (AC5), 8 years (AC8) and 15 years (AC15), presented statistically higher values. The phosphorus (P) levels observed for the areas under the vine production system were considered good, without significant alterations between the areas. It is observed that for the Ca and Mg contents there were no significant variations in the f test (0.05> p) when the relief positions were evaluated, indicating that both presented similar behavior. When evaluating the depth parameter, it was possible to observe significant variations in the order of approximately 5 (five) times more when compared to MT, as well as to the type of management adopted (liming practice), with interference of Ca behavior. The organic matter (OM) results were classified between the very good and low levels, varying between the studied areas. Regarding the potential acidity (H + Al) it can be observed that there was a significant difference in the area AC5 and MT. By spectroscopic analyzes, it was possible to observe that the sand fraction is basically composed of silica with the presence of minority elements that presented changes as a function of the time of cultivation and the position of the relief. The silt fraction presented higher levels of feldspar and presence of kaolinite in the AC5 culture area. It was possible to observe that the clay fraction shows a xiii predominance of kaolinite and smaller amounts of goethite and mica in all cultivation areas except for area AC15 and that the Ki and Kr indexes increased in the direction of the upper third (UT) to lower third (LT). By infrared spectroscopy it was possible to observe that the contribution of OM was evidenced by bands around 3439 cm-1 related to the vibration of the hydroxyl bound to aromatic structures. After all the characterizations it was possible to observe that there is a low mineral reserve in all study areas and that the management and use of the soil caused changes in the chemical attributes, especially as the years progressed, as well as a great deal of interference by the practice of liming that influenced directly in the increase of some chemical attributes.