Avaliação ambiental em áreas de nascentes na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Rio Gramame-PB

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Costa, Fabliciane Finizola
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba; BR; Engenharia Cívil e Ambiental; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Urbana e Ambiental; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Restauração de nascentes; Degradação ambiental; Diagnóstico florestal; Restoration of springs; Environmental degradation; Forest diagnosis; ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/5455

This research was developed in the rural area of the high course of the basin hydrographic of the river Gramame, in the municipal district of Stones of Fire, Paraíba. The work had as mark to propose alternatives for environmental restoration of five springs: Cabelão, Fog of the Rose, New Dawn, Pink Beautiful woman and Farm. The research was systematized in field activities and of laboratories. In the field works they were accomplished: exploratory walks and photographic registrations for the recognition of the areas of the springs, with general description of their elements georeferenced; evaluation in loco of the conditions of the environment and of the use of the soil; historical characterization of the same ones, through interviews made the local population where was collected information on the degradation level that happened in the area along the time and the characterization of the soil close to and of the forest covering in the areas of I spill of the springs. In the study it was accomplished a visual analysis initially being analyzed the conditions of the covering of the soil, topography, agricultural use, forest devastation and presence of fragments of Atlantic forest still preserved. Soon afterwards the physical and chemical analyses of the soils of the springs were accomplished in the depths of 0-0,20 m and 0,20-0,40 m. The physical attributes of the soil analyzed were: density of the soil and analysis textural. As for the chemical attributes of the soils they were analyzed: pH; match tenors (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (In the), acidity of the soil (H+Al); capacity of cation change (CTC); saturation for bases (V); and the tenors of organic matter (M.O.). in agreement with the obtained results it is verified in the forest diagnosis accomplished in the areas of the I spill of the five studied springs, that in spite of the environmental degradation in the area to be evident to example of the use and occupation of the soil as the retreat of the native vegetation, degradation of the ciliary forests and to the release of industrial and domestic effluent, the number of native species still existent they overcome in number to the exotic species. The introduction of native species is recommended in the springs, except for the springs Farm, that doesn't need revegetation, just needing conservationist measures. Regarding the use of the soil, the area immediately surrounding to the springs, in agreement with what it extols the environmental legislation in energy, it should be exclusively for an Area of Permanent Preservation (APP). she don't recommend to do any type of use of those areas to avoid the erosion and the contamination of the soil and of the water. After the isolation of the area they are advisable some proposed of restoration in the attempt of recovering the springs in study, as the introduction of grassy with protection function against disaggregation of the soil and entrainment of particles, to example of the grass sandalwood; fruitful of economical use, annual agricultural cultivations and implantation of native species in the hillsides. It was verified although the soils present sandy texture, resulting in less fertile soils and likely to the erosion and that the pH, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, acidity of the soil, CTC, saturation for bases differed among the springs, except the concentration of organic matter that it was high in all of the soils and layers, less in the East Pink Beautiful woman of 0,20-0,40 m, that average was considered. The pH tenors, P, Ca, K, H+AL varied enters low, medium and loud; bass Mg the medium; the In the it varied enters no sodic, slightly, moderately to very sodic; CTC of good to very good; and to V it varied among very low, it lowers, average and high.