Conhecimento ecológico local e dinâmica da pesca artesanal do camarão marinho (penaeidae): subsídios para a conservação

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Nascimento, Glória Cristina Cornélio do
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Gerenciamento Ambiental; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Arrastão de praia; Xiphopenaeus kroyeri; Litopenaeus schmitti; Conhecimento ecológico local; Análise ambiental; Beach drag-net; Local ecological knowledge; Environomental analisys; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/13014

The main objective of this study was to investigate and understand the local ecological knowledge of shrimp fishers and the dynamics of artisanal fishing, for subsiding marine shrimp conservation. The survey was initially conducted from October 2014 to October 2015 along the whole Lucena municipality coast (Lucena, Fagundes and Costinha) and in 2016 the collections were concentrated only in Lucena. The three collection localities: P1, P2 and P3, were chosen considering the fishing landings and the beach drag-net locations. Sampling was conducted twice a month. For abiotic factors, 3 water and marine sediment replicates were collected at each point, totalizing 216 samples. The biological samples of 1kg of each shrimp species were randomly chosen and purchased directly at the beach drag-net landing. Biometrics of 5,292 individuals of seven-bearded shrimp and 1,406 of white shrimp were performed. To analyse the local ecological knowledge of these fishermen, first were used the snowball sampling technique to identify the shrimp fishery specialists and then applied semi-structured questionnaire between the months of August and September of 2016 with (8) beach drag-net owners and (43) helpers (net handles). The biotic and abiotic factors were collected according to fishers' knowledge and analysed through a table of comparative cognition, Principal Component Analysis and ethnotaxonomy. The beach drag-net owners age group varied between 40 and 49 years and the helpers from 35 to 24 years. The fishing activity takes place every day of the week except Sundays and prices of shrimp production undergo changes according to seasonality. Most of the beach drag-net owners (87.50 %), concerning with compromising the productive chain, agree to a period of banning on shrimp fishing. They also demonstrate awareness and knowledge about the environment in which they live, pointing to environmental impacts related to shrimp farming. The ethnoecological knowledge of these shrimp fishermen has raised questions about the biotic and abiotic factors never studied before in the region. The riches of this knowledge may assist in future management plans to the city and contribute to the conservation of shrimp species and the continuity of this activity. Environmental variables showed that bathymetry, organic matter, dissolved oxygen, nitrite and precipitation were the most significant correlation with the occurrence of shrimp species in Lucena inlet. The yield per unit of effort was higher in P1, in addition the largest shrimp L. schmitti catches occurred in this area. Production of shrimp X. kroyeri was higher at P3. The continental fluvial discard damages the fishing activity with beach dragnet in the months with greater rainfall in P2. The X. kroyeri shrimp was the most abundant in the samples, showing the occurrence of two reproductive peaks, being the most significant between October to January. Recruitment appears in the wetter months. For L. schmitti shrimp the reproductive behaviour was the reverse, but it was observed that individuals occurring at the fishing spots are mostly juveniles whom recently left the estuary or adults from areas farther off the coast. A possible period of banning on shrimp fishing for the region should consider the characteristics of the shrimp species X. kroyeri and L. schmitti being suggested the months with occurrence of females with mature gonads. This study also demonstrated that there was a reduction in the size of the X. kroyeri species over the last 20 years.