Captura de aves em dossel florestal: técnica adaptada e estudo de caso em remanescentes de mata atlântica da Paraíba, Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Alvino Pedrosa
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba; Brasil; Zoologia; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Avifauna; Biologia; Estratificação; Metodologia; Morfologia; Biology; Community; Metodology; Morfology; Stratification; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4129

The capture of birds in the canopy is not a common methodology, mainly for logistical reasons, even though several authors have proposed techniques. There is also the concern that aspects that depend on handling birds are becoming relegated before the current state of forests. This study aimed to develop a methodology from existing techniques and present its performance in comparisons between morning and afternoon, edge and interior, and three different canopy heights; as well as describe the community of canopy birds captured in three Atlantic Forest fragments of Paraíba, Brazil, from richness, abundance, diversity, trophic structure, similarity and biological and morphometric data. The method developed here was based primarily on those suggested by Greenlaws and Swinebroad (1967) and Munn (1991). All materials, adaptations, step by step assembly and use are presented. We captured 171 individuals of 28 species in 12 families. The afternoon (χ ² = 8.895, df = 1, p = 0.003), the edge (χ ² = 7.164, df = 1, p = 0.009) and heights between 15 and 25 m (χ ² = 6.00, df = 2 p = 0.049) were the best situations encountered. Methodologies for working with bird can be linked to the peak of activity and place of sampling for greater success. The highest catch rate during the afternoon may reflect the increased activity of birds before the night rest and climatic factors. The larger number of captures in the forest edge can be explained by the presence of species and the quantity of resources influenced by the adjacent matrix and external environmental factors. The capture rate in median heights may have been greater for having covered both species in the higher as the lower regions of the canopy. Pipridae and Thraupidae were the most representative families captured. Among the recorded species, 60.71% are considered canopy specific, 28.57% are medium stratum specifc and 10.71% are understory and ground vegetation specific. Frugivores, insectivores and omnivores are 28.57% of species each, while nectarivores accounted are 14.28%. The areas were considered similar (C33 = 0.62) and showed similar diversity. There were two reproductive and a moulting peaks, and the morphological data from 28 species of captured birds are presented. The dominance of canopy species occurred as expected. The equal dominance of frugivorous, insectivores and omnivores is unusual as the canopy is generally dominated by frugivorous; as well as the low number of representatives of the family Tyrannidae, which is considered the most representative in studies of terrestrial birds. The results of diversity and similarity of areas occurred as expected, given the proximity and historic of the areas. The reproductive peaks are close to those reported in the literature as being from September to January in Brazil. As also commonly reported, the molting period does not coincide with the breeding, probably due to the energy expenditure involved. Morphometric and biomass data presented here are pioneers due to lack of information of birds in this stratum. Aspects to be highlighted in this adaptation are the low cost and ease of finding and handling materials, and the low disturbance of the sampling region. The situations encountered here are suggested in studies performed in fragments with similar dynamics. Further studies are recommended on capturing birds in the canopy to a better knowledge of the avifauna in this forest stratum.