Fortificação de pão de forma com cálcio e avaliação do consumo alimentar deste nutriente em mulheres adultas

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Lima, Adriana de Sousa
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba; Brasil; Química e Bioquímica de Alimentos; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Panificação; Fortificação; Carbonato de cálcio; Soro de leite em pó; Cálcio dietetico; Climatério; Osteoporose; Bakery; Fortification; Calcium carbonate; Whey Powder; Dietary Calcium; Menopause; Osteoporosis; CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4072

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fortification of white pan bread with whey powder and calcium carbonate and the effects of the addition of these ingredients on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the products obtained. A cross-sectional study with adult women (n = 50) was also conducted, in order to assess the dietary intake of calcium and verify its relationship with bone mineral density. The ingredients added to the white pan bread were tested individually and combined, according to a 22 full factorial design, resulting in seven assays. The parameters pH, acidity, specific volume, moisture content, water activity and calcium content were evaluated. Additionally, a consumer acceptance testing was carried for the sensory attributes appearance of the slice and loaf bread, color, flavor, taste and crumb softness, beyond of the overall acceptability on a 9-point hedonic scale. The habitual dietary calcium intake and the consumption of food groups and sources of calcium were evaluated through three 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaire, respectively. The bone mineral density of the spine and femur was determined by dual energy absorptiometry X-ray. The method of the apparent adequacy evaluated individual needs of calcium intake and the chi-square test verified associations between bone mineral density and age and calcium intake. The addition of calcium carbonate, in isolated form, promoted an increase in pH and a reduction in the acidity to the final product (assay 3), while the addition individualy of whey powder caused a decrease in the moisture content and water activity in bread of the assay 2. When these two ingredients were combined in the maximum concentration, a reduction in the specific volume of bread (assay 4) was observed. Both calcium carbonate and whey powder increased the calcium content, which ranged from 31.9 mg to 723.3 mg/100g bread. Concerning to the sensory analysis, all the formulations tested were accepted with scores ranging from 6.72 to 8.07. However the bread added with calcium carbonate alone showed a lower acceptance, indicating that the association of this ingredient with whey powder was better accepted. The mean dietary calcium intake was 854.89 ± 697.30 mg/day, lower than recommended for the group >50 years of age and the percentage of apparent adequacy was < 50%, within of the age group and income studied. The consumption daily of the milk and dairy products was an average 1.35 servings. The calcium/protein and calcium/phosphorus ratios were 7,7:1 and 1:1.3, respectively. The presence of osteopenia or osteoporosis was found in 60% of participants, and was associated statistically with age. The results suggest that the fortification of the white pan bread with calcium can be an alternative to increase the calcium intake for adult women over a lifetime.