Pesca artesanal e condições ambientais: a percepção dos pescadores do Rio Mumbaba, bacia do Rio Gramame, PB

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Ana Elizabeth Dias da
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba; BR; Gerenciamento Ambiental; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Rio Mumbaba; Impactos ambientais; Ictiofauna; Pescadores; Mumbaba River; Environmental impacts; Ichthyofauna; Fisherman; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4572

Water is a common resource, essential to life and an increasingly threatened natural source, both for its inappropriate use as by pollution caused by different anthropogenic activities. Fishing is one of the activities dependent on good water quality, and has an important role in the economy and livelihoods of many populations. The Mumbaba River is the major tributary of the left bank of the River Gramame, Gramame River watershed, going through the industrial district of João Pessoa, PB, and has sections framing in Classes 1, 2 and 3. The Mumbaba River suffers from industrial pollution and degradation year after year, without an effective control on the part of government, and is still used for the practice of fishing. This study aims to evaluate the influence of environmental conditions and impacts on artisanal fisheries in Mumbaba River through the perception of the local fishermen, besides knowing the socioeconomic profile of those who use the river, the uses that are made by these populations, knowledge of fishermen on the diversity of fish, the diversity of fish populations and evaluate quality parameters of the water from this water body. The information on uses of the river and artisanal fisheries were obtained through questionnaires with 25 Mumbaba River users of both sexes, residents of different places, in two years during periods of rain and drought. The methodology for obtaining the information was direct contact with the people at the time of use of the river and the snowball, when an initial informant indicates other possible informants. Most participants were represented by men with more than 50 years, including fishermen, farmers and those who practice other jobs. Most are fishing between 11 and 20 years in 1-2 days a week, with varied paraphernalia. The activity was already widely practiced in the past, but today the river conditions affect the quality and quantity of fish. Several species were cited by respondents as more frequent in Mumbaba River, being tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758), curimatã (Prochilodus brevis Steindachner, 1875), traíra (Hoplias malabaricus Bloch, 1794) and peacock (Cicla ocellaris Bloch & Schneider, 1801). The water quality has been known through the analysis of physical-chemical parameters and nutrients listed on 4 sampling points, 3 in Rio Mumbaba (P1, P2 and P3) and 1 in the Horse Pond (P4), next to the river. From these sampling points, the one which showed better environmental conditions was the P4, while the P3 showed the worst, as a direct reflection of the entry of industrial effluents in the vicinity. The fish fauna was also collected in the same points, whereas in P1 there was no catch, due the little depth. The composition of the fish fauna showed 69 individuals belonging to 3 orders, 7 families and 12 species, 9 native, 2 allochthonous and 1 exotic. The diversity and species richness showed variation between the sampling points, the P4 showed the higher values (H =1,991; D=2,693), followed by P2 (H =1,847; D= 2,652) and P3 (H =0,5671; D=0,9854). Based in this results it is concluded that it is necessary to further monitoring of this environment by public authorities, in relation to supervision, construction and performance of public policies to protect nature, which will lead to improvement in the quality of the environment and the consequent maintenance of species and activities practiced by people like fishing