Metodologia de dimensionamento de reservatórios para armazenamento de água de chuva em edificações residenciais no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Cinthya Santos da
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Engenharia Civil e Ambiental; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Reservatórios - Otimização; Água de chuva; Chuva em edificações residenciais; CEV; COV; CTV; Reservoirs - Optimization; Rainwater; VEC; VIC; VOC; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/29954

Water scarcity affects millions of people worldwide and exposes the population, especially those already in a situation of high vulnerability, to greater physical and social risks. In Brazil, the regional disparity in the distribution of the resource in the country makes it essential to seek alternative supply solutions that guarantee quality water near homes, with affordable cost, and supply adapted to local conditions and needs, such as rainwater. However, the existence of numerous methods for sizing the reservoir adds some subjectivity to the calculation of the storage volume, which can lead to the determination of an efficiency value far from reality. Therefore, this work aims to propose a new methodology for sizing rainwater storage reservoirs in residential buildings, based on the optimal values of Volumetric Efficiency Coefficient (VEC), Volumetric Idleness Coefficient (VIC), and Volumetric Overflow Coefficient (VOC) in Brazilian territory, with the latter two being new. Therefore, three reservoir sizing methodologies that already exist in the literature were considered, in different scenarios of catchment area and demand. The coefficients, based on the reservoir volume and the volumes of usable, idle, and overflow water, were then calculated, and their optimal values were extracted. An algorithm was developed, which allows obtaining the suggested reservoir sizing methodology for any point located in Brazil, considering the coefficient selected by the user, the area and demand providedes. The analysis of the coefficients allowed us to conclude that, for the VEC, optimal values were predominantly achieved by smaller reservoirs, with the exception of locations with higher annual precipitation volumes and low rainfall variability, where even large reservoirs, such as those sized by water balance, would operate with low idle time, leading to a high volume of usable water per m3 of reservoir. Regarding the VIC, the methods that provided the optimal values were predominantly similar to those that generated optimal VECs. However, it is worth noting that differences were observed for the maximum demand considered here, 600L/day. For VOC, the method that presented better values, predominantly for demands from 200L/day, was the Rippl method with daily data, and its best results were more significant for the area of 100m2, above which it tended to concentrate better results in regions with lower annual precipitation. The reservoir sizing methodology developed here eliminates subjectivity in the choice of sizing method to be applied and simplifies the analysis of economic feasibility, based on the sizing criterion of reservoirs in VEC, VIC, and VOC. Therefore, it emerges as a facilitation in the development of rainwater harvesting reservoir projects, especially in locations where there is a scarcity of precipitation data, since in some places optimal values can be achieved by methods based on average annual or monthly precipitation. Furthermore, it is a methodology based on quantitative and comparable coefficients.