O Relatório Periódico Universal como novo mecanismo de monitoramento internacional: inovações, funcionamento e o desempenho brasileiro nos dois primeiros ciclos

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Matias, Daniela de Oliveira Lima
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba; BR; ciências Juridicas; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Jurídicas; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Relatório Periódico Universal; Conselho de Direitos Humanos; mecanismos de monitoramento; tratados de direitos humanos; ONU; Universal Periodic Review; Human Rights Council; monitoring tools; human rights treaties; UN; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4422

The central object of the thesis herein is the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), new human rights monitoring mechanism created with the United Nations (UN) reform, in 2005. In order to respond to the selectivity criticisms of the old Comission, which centered its attention towards specific countries, the UPR constitutes a new tool of universal approach, through which all UN member states shall apply periodically, without excepcions. The main problem this research intends to answer relates to the duplicity of obligations gathered by the States, already overloaded with other monitoring duties. As such, the problem may be reduced to the following question: is the UPR indeed innovative or merely represents one more formal obligation to the countries? The hypothesis is that the UPR is a reflection of the natural wear, as well as the development and remodeling of the traditional monitoring mechanisms, notably the committees periodic reports, without, otherwise, dispense their value. Furthermore, as an international law tool, its success depends directly on the States efforts during the review proceedings. The central author of the thesis is Philip Alston, UN independent expert who researched the effectiveness of the UN treaty monitoring system. The methodology chosen reflects a bibliographical and document analysis, through the study of newly written scientific articles related to the subject, as well as the documents used in the brazilian reviews, in Geneva. It is structured in three chapters. The first one focuses on the traditional human rights monitoring tools, in order to provide a general view on the theme. Consequently, the second chapter is exclusively dedicated to the UPR itself, its innovations, peculiarities and functioning. Finally, the last one centers on the brazilian performance on the 2008 and 2012 cicles, after a brief analysis of its international and regional historical commitments to human rights.