Atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro: o papel de variáveis socioculturais e sociopsicológicas

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Barbosa, Larisse Helena Gomes Macêdo
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Psicologia Social; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Estupro; Machismo; Valores; Honra; Personalidade; Rape; Sexism; Values; Honor; Personality; Personalidad; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/13772

The present thesis aimed at evaluating different aspects of attitudes towards victims of rape, and its relation with personality, human values, honor, and sexism. Thus, one theoretical paper and four empirical papers were elaborated. Paper 1 discussed rape, focusing on attitudes towards victims, and the psychological and socio-cultural consequences of these attitudes. Next, two empirical studies were performed (paper 2 and paper 3) an instrument adaptation and validation for the Brazilian context. More precisely, in Paper 2, the validation and verification of the “Attitudes toward Rape Victims Scale (ARVS)” were performed through two studies. The first one counted on 200 participants with mean age of 21.8 years old (SD = 5.27), in which a principal components analysis was performed, pointing out to a three components structure that explained 39.02% of the total variance. This structure presented adequate internal consistency indices, as it follows: credibility of the victim (α = .82), deserving of the victim (α = .80) and the victim's fault (α = .60). In Study 2, 231 university students participated, presenting a mean age of 21.6 years old (DS = 4.02), where a confirmatory factorial analysis was performed, corroborating the three factor structure of this measure [e.g. GFI = .86, RMSEA = .05 (IC90% = .044-.062)]. Paper 3 aimed at adapting the Sexual Machism Scale for the Brazilian context, gathering evidences of its psychometric parameters, also composed by two studies. Participants were 231 students (study 1), and 200 people from the general population (study 2), with mean ages of 21.6 years old (DS = 4.02), and 21.8 years old (DP = 5.27), respectively. As results, a one-factor solution was found, with satisfactory indicators of internal consistency (α = .81 and α = .76), and convergent validity with the factors of Hostile Sexism and Benevolent Sexism from the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Moreover, a confirmatory factor analysis corroborated such preconized dimension [e.g., CFI = .97 and RMSEA = .02 (IC90% = .075-.104)]. Paper 4 assessed the correlates of attitudes towards victims of rape, developing an explicative model with sexism, honor concerns, human values, and personality traits as independent variables. A 212 sample of people from the city of Patos-PB was used, with mean age of 24.9 (SD = 9.58). Through linear regressions, an explicative model was proposed, where personality traits (extroversion and neuroticism) would predict human values (interactive and existence), honor concerns (male honor) and sexism, and these, then, would explain attitudes towards victims of rape. The model presented the following fit indices: χ²/gl = 2.75, GFI = .94, AGFI = .90, CFI = .87 and RMSEA = .09 (IC90% = .065 – .011); pointing out to a satisfactory adjustment of this model. Finally, Paper 5 investigated the relation amongst the victims’ values, the environment they were in, and the respondents’ gender. Participants were 200 people, with mean age of 22.4 years old (SD = 8.37), who after the reading of scenarios of a woman’s rape, answered questions related to the violence situation described in the scenario. As a result, significant differences were found regarding male respondents, with a higher level of male’s blame when the victim was described as prioritizing interactive and normative values compared to excitement and promotion values. On the other hand, women attributed the blame more significantly to men when the victim was described as having high promotion and normative values instead of excitement values. We are confident that contributions were given to this literature field, promoting two short measures, more specifically one evaluation attitudes towards victims of rape, and another one regarding sexism. Furthermore, an explicative model of attitudes towards victims of rape was developed, and the influence of human values on the blame for rape situations was tested.