Clima urbano e sua relação com as arboviroses em João Pessoa

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Freitas, Anne Falcão de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Gerenciamento Ambiental; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ecologia; Urbana; Saúde Pública; Aedes aegypti; Urban ecology; Public health; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/19958

Aedes aegypti is widely distributed worldwide. Considered a widespread vector of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya viruses, it becomes a threat to public health manly in urban areas. The dynamics of proliferation and transmission of these diseases involve several factors, such as climatic and socioeconomic factors of certain regions. In tropical regions, climatic conditions are potentiating from proliferation and reproduction of Ae. aegypti. It is in view of this scenario, that it is necessary to understand the conditions of the urban climate and its relationship with the proliferation of Ae. aegypti and the distribution of diseases Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya in the city of João Pessoa/PB. This study is of a quanti-qualitative nature, with interdisciplinary and holistic methodology based on the Urban Environmental System (S.A.U.). For the collection of microclimatic and socio-environmental data, some neighborhoods of Paraiba’s capital were selected. For on-site measurements took into account the safety factors and quantity of equipment thermohygrometers available. This way, equipment’s (Data Loggers Hobo®) were installed on EMBRATEL antennas scattered throughout the urban perimeter of the city of João Pessoa/PB. For characterization socio-environmental of the study area was carried out the data collection on that composes the adapted S.A.U., based on IBGE data. Urban climate analysis (thermodynamic subsystem) took place through physical descriptions of geographic space and on-site measurements in nine neighborhoods, using Data Loggers Hobo® U12, scheduled at time intervals for measuring temperature and humidity. Regarding rainfall and wind speed, daily data from João Pessoa weather station were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology - INMET. The periodicity for data collection comprised the two climatic periods of the study area: dry (January, February, September and October) and rainy (March to August) 2018. Posteriorly, the microclimatic data (temperature and humidity) were organized in a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet and graph generated: monthly and time of the behavior of the variables. With data from precipitation and wind speed collected by INMET monthly graph were generated from the collection period. The LIRAa survey (calculation of the Building Infestation Index and the Breteau Index) was performed, the diversity and quantity of breeding sites and data from notifications of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya collected from the Municipal Health Department of the Municipality. Maps were prepared with the spatialization of arbovirus notifications during the dry and rainy season using Google Earth Pro®. Monthly graphs were also elaborated with the relationship between the microclimatic variables and the quantification of notifications arboviruses diseases of each experimental point and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The research results demonstrate that the socio-environmental variables of the input S.A.U. indicate that P05 (Mangabeira), P06 (Cruz das Armas) and P07 (Alto do Mateus) have conditions that are favorable to the proliferation of Ae. aegypti, and possibly for the transmission of viral arboviruses. Microclimatic analysis points to temperature and relative humidity variation of air according to different use and soil cover and with the behavior of the incidence of solar radiation over the course of hours at each monitored point. The month with high temperatures and low humidity was March and the mildest was mainly July. Mosquito infestation occurred mainly during the rainy season (July), at points P03 - Manaíra, P01 - Castelo Branco Mata of the DSE/UFPB and P07 - Alto do Mateus, often in containers and deposits A1 and A2 (water storage for human consumption). Regarding the Dengue and Chikungunya notifications in the study area, these occurred mainly during the rainy season of the region (with peaks in May and June), since analyzing the life cycle of Ae. aegypti, its reproduction, hatching and dissemination occurs. mainly in March, that is, in the dry to rainy season interphase. Multivariate analysis was not significant between urban climate and arbovirus notifications. Thus, it is concluded that the city of João Pessoa has favorable social and environmental conditions to the Ae. aegypti is a microclimatic predisposition that influences mosquito reproduction and consequently the occurrence of arboviruses. It is noteworthy that the incidence of Dengue and Chikungunya cases are multifactorial (ecology, microclimate, epidemiology, transport / movement of goods and people, social and urban conditions) and complex, as it takes into account a range of microclimatic and socioenvironmental factors in the region and its life cycle.