Detalhes bibliográficos
| Ano de defesa: |
2021 |
| Autor(a) principal: |
Pedrolo, Bruna Garcia |
| Orientador(a): |
Simão, Éder Maiquel |
| Banca de defesa: |
Fernandes, Liana da Silva,
Trombini, Henrique,
Vaucher, Rodrigo de Almeida,
Rech, Virginia Cielo |
| Tipo de documento: |
Tese
|
| Tipo de acesso: |
Acesso aberto |
| Idioma: |
por |
| Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Franciscana
|
| Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências
|
| Departamento: |
Biociências e Nanomateriais
|
| País: |
Brasil
|
| Palavras-chave em Português: |
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| Palavras-chave em Inglês: |
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| Área do conhecimento CNPq: |
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| Link de acesso: |
http://www.tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/1001
|
Resumo: |
Cancer arises when a cell undergoes genetic instability, mutation and starts to proliferate uncontrollably, losing homeostasis. When studying gene expression in cancer, it is possible to verify the role of proteins in this disease, in addition to the genes found in the immune system pathways. Cancer treatment encompasses several protocols and different types of treatment. One of these treatments is immunotherapy, where the immune system is responsible for activating pathways capable of regulating the body's defense mechanisms. The adjuvant application of nanotechnology and immunotherapies could enhance cancer treatment. This work aims to investigate the activation of pathways and genes involved in the activation of the immune system in adenoma cells and colon, adrenal, pancreas and thyroid cancers in the search for new therapeutic targets involving nanotechnology. For this purpose, samples of normal tissues, adenomas and cancer were chosen from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. From these samples, statistical analysis of significantly expressed genes was performed, used to verify the significance of altered genes in adenoma and cancer in relation to their respective normal tissue. With the statistical analysis of significantly expressed genes, the most prominent genes in adenoma and cancer were found, and which are involved in the activation pathways of the immune system. In cancer, 12 genes were significantly expressed in colorectal, 33 in pancreas, 10 in adrenal cortex and 2 in thyroid. While, for adenoma, 13 genes were significantly expressed in colorectal and 26 in pancreas, with no results for adrenal and thyroid. Of these genes, 8 were found to be significantly expressed in more than one disease, 2 in adenoma and 6 in cancer. From the analysis of these significantly expressed genes, the metabolic pathways involved in the activation of the immune system in the Reactome were selected. Having a total of 67 pathways for adenoma and 74 pathways for cancer, where, after multistatistic analysis of these differentially expressed pathways, pathways for adenoma and colorectal and pancreatic cancer were found. Thus, through this research, it was possible to build a model of activation of the immune system during the evolution of cancer, and represent the main treatment mechanisms using nanotechnology. It was also possible to identify some pathways or genes that can be used in immunotherapy, with combined use or not, of nanostructured chemotherapy drugs, in cells that are more aggressive or resistant to the usual treatments. |
