Produtividade de soja no oitavo ano de sistemas ILPF

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Souza, André Luiz de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Brasil; Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (ICAA) – Sinop; UFMT CUS - Sinop; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Soja; Agrossilvipastoril; Nutrientes; Fertilidade; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA; Soybean; Agrossivilpastoril; Nutrients; Fertility
• Link de acesso: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/4783

The goals of this study was to evaluate the effect of the integrated systems of crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) and the thinning of eucalyptus trees on the yield and nutrient utilization efficiency of soybean and distribution of macronutrients in the soil. The study is divided into two chapters, the first of which is the literature review on recent discoveries about how ILCF affects soil productivity and quality. The second chapter describes the steps taken in the study and the results achieved. The experiment is located at Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril (Sinop-MT), implemented in the 2011/12 harvest. The treatments evaluated at the age of eight were: 1) Exclusive crop (LE): exclusive soy cultivation system; 2) ILCF-S: Eucalyptus ILCF in triple-line strips (3 '(3.5 x 3 m) + 30 m), in east-west orientation, which in the fourth year was thinned to line single lines (3 x 37 m); 3) ILCF-T: Eucalyptus ILPF in triple-line strips (3 '(3.5 x 3 m) + 30 m), in the east-west orientation, which in the fifth year suffered selective thinning with removal of 50% of the trees. The experimental design is a randomized block with four replications. The evaluation plot consisted of two 5 m lines in positions 3, 6, 10 and 15 meters away from the central row, on the south and north sides (FS and FN), in four transects and in the LE, five random points were collected in the experimental plots. The variables specific leaf area (AFE), dry leaf mass (MFS) and leaf area index (IAF) were evaluated at stage R5. The lodging, plant stand, plant height, mass of a thousand grains (MMG) and productivity were evaluated at the soybean R8 development stage. At the same points, the levels of nutrients N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the soil were also evaluated, in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm layers. The treatments did not differ for AFE and there were also no differences between the crop strip on the south or north face for ILCF-S and ILCF-T and between the distances of 3, 6, 10 and 15 meters. There was a difference between treatments for MFS and IAF. In the ILCF there was an increase in MFS and IAF. ILCF-T had lower plant height than LE. MMG was higher in ILPF-T. The productivity of soybeans was lower in ILCF systems, however ILCF-T was more affected than ILCF-S. The use of the tree component has a negative impact on soybean productivity and the thinning management of trees can mitigate productivity losses. In ILCF-T (selective thinning of 50% of trees) the loss of soybean productivity was 26% while in ILCF-S (systematic thinning) it was 14%, that is, a reduction of 12% in the loss of productivity of the Soy. The LE and ILCF-T and ILCF-S tillage were higher in soil N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Already close to the row of trees there is a reduction in the contents mainly at distances of 1.5 and 3.0 m from the row, regardless of the face of exposure to the sun.