Efeito antitrombótico do óleo da polpa de Bocaiúva - Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. (Arecaceae)

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Isabelly Teixeira Espinoça
• Orientador(a): Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Trombose, hemostasia, agregação, A. aculeata, anticoagulantes, bocaiuva.
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/8568

Acrocomia aculeata is a species of palm tree belonging to the Aracaceae family. Coming from tropical regions, it is known by several popular names, including bocaiúva and macaúba. The oil extracted from bocaiúva pulp (AAPO) contains a series of compounds capable of controlling the redox state and thus preventing oxidative stress. The imbalance in the redox state can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and thrombosis, which are among the main causes of death in Brazil and around the world. Furthermore, medications used to treat CVD and thrombosis continue to cause interactions and side effects, necessitating the investigation of new compounds that are effective and safe. Therefore, this work aimed to study the antithrombotic effect of AAPO in natura. For that, AAPO was extracted by solvent and characterized by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS), where the main compounds identified were oleic acid (35.10%), palmitic acid (16.02%), lauric acid (2.69%), caprylic acid (2.02) and squalene (1.79%). Subsequently, in vitro and in vivo toxicity tests were carried out, which demonstrated that AAPO has no toxic effect. Aggregation assays demonstrated that AAPO inhibited platelet aggregation at most testicular concentrations when ADP and epinephrine were used as agonists. However, AAPO did not present an anticoagulant effect, as evidenced by the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) values. Regarding its potential to inhibit platelet activation, it was observed that AAPO modulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in platelets, reducing the production of ROS at most concentrations tested. These results corroborate the results found in flow cytometry assays, where a decrease in P-selectin expression was observed in the membrane of platelets previously treated with AAPO and stimulated with ADP. Therefore, AAPO exhibited antiaggregation activity without presenting toxicity. Inhibited platelet activation observed by decreasing P-selectin expression and ROS production. Furthermore, the majority components present in AAPO highlight the antioxidant effect involved in the antiplatelet mechanism of action. Keywords: thrombosis, hemostasis, aggregation, A. aculeata, anticoagulants.