Desempenho das equipes de saúde bucal no Brasil em relação às ações de atenção primária à saúde

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Maria Tereza de Abreu Scalzo
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; FAO - DEPARTAMENTO DE ODONTOLOGIA SOCIAL E PREVENTIVA; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Atenção primária à saúde; Serviços de saúde bucal; Equipe de saúde bucal; Avaliação de serviços de saúde; Pesquisa sobre serviços de saúde
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/62636; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9081-6297

The "National Program for Improvement of Primary Care Access and Quality - PMAQAB" was launched in 2011 by the Ministry of Health, aiming to induce the expansion of access and improvement of the quality of Primary Health Care (PHC) in the Unified Health System (SUS). The program was organized into four phases that complement each other and form a continuous cycle: adherence and contractualization; development; external evaluation and recontractualization. With this design, the PMAQ-AB sought to overcome challenges for the qualification of PHC. The objective of this study was to describe, analyze, and understand the performance of the Oral Health Teams (OHT) participating in PMAQ-AB, through dental procedures performed, comparing the findings between cycles and between Brazilian regions. Secondary data from the second and third cycles of PMAQ-AB, which occurred between 2013 and 2019, were used. The data were obtained in the external evaluation phase, which involved interviewing dentists about the work process of the teams. The first and second article used data from the third cycle. In the first article, a descriptive analysis of 26 dental procedures performed in the PHC was done. Each procedure performed attributed a score to the OHT, and the final score was the sum of the number of procedures performed. These scores were compared among the regions of the country. The results revealed that the OHTs performed, on average, 19.45 (±3.16) of the 26 dental procedures analyzed. The OHTs from the South, Southeast and Northeast performed a higher number of procedures, while the teams from the North and Midwest performed, on average, fewer procedures. In the second article, 13 procedures (items) related to spontaneous, preventive, surgical, restorative, prosthetic, and oral cancer dental procedures were evaluated. Item Response Theory (TRI) was used to estimate the OHT performance scores based on the items. The relationship between performance scores and contextual variables (Human Development Index - HDI, and Gini Index) in Brazilian regions was analyzed by thematic maps and Pearson correlation (p<0.05). The procedures with higher levels of difficulty and less frequently performed were those related to dental prostheses and oral cancer monitoring. The items were more appropriate to discriminate low performing OHT and relatively ineffective to differentiate those with better performance. The thematic maps showed a direct relationship with HDI (p < 0.0001) and an indirect relationship with Gini index (p= 0.0001). In the third article, a comparative study of the performance of the ESB teams that participated in the last two PMAQ-AB evaluation cycles was carried out, analyzing 11 dental procedures coincident in both cycles. IRT was used to estimate the performance scores of the OHT. After obtaining the performance scores of the second and third cycles, these scores were compared by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p ≤ 0.05) in Brazil and Brazilian regions. The findings indicate that there was improvement in the performance scores of the ESBs between the two cycles in Brazil and in the Brazilian regions. Northeast, Midwest, and North regions showing the greatest evolutions. However, regional differences still persist, and it is necessary to structure and improve public policies in order to expand and qualify the work process of oral health services, promoting a better regional distribution of the ESB in order to reduce inequalities.